Operation Büffel

During World War II the name Büffel Bewegung ("Buffalo Movement" in German) was given to a series of local retreats conducted by the German Army on the Russian Front during the period 1–22 March 1943. This movement eliminated the Rzhev Salient and shortened the front by 230 kilometers, releasing twenty-one divisions. This allowed the Germans to create a reserve for operations elsewhere on the Eastern Front.