Order of Military Merit (France)
| Order of Military Merit Ordre du Mérite Militaire | |
|---|---|
 Cross of the Order | |
Awarded by the  King of France | |
| Type | Meritorious award |
| Established | 10 March 1759 |
| Royal house | House of France |
| Motto | Template:Lang-la |
| Eligibility | Non-catholic military officers |
| Awarded for | Exceptional merit |
| Status | Abolished by the July Revolution in 1830 |
| Founder | Louis XV of France |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Order of Saint Michael |
| Equivalent | Order of Saint Louis Awarded to Catholics |
The Order of Military Merit, initially known as the Institution of Military Merit (Template:Lang-fr) was an order of the French Ancien Régime created on 10 March 1759 by King Louis XV. It was created to reward the non-Catholic officers of the French Army.[1]
History
By the 18th Century there were regiments of Swedish, German, and Swiss troops in service to France, the most famous being the Swiss Guards. Since many of these regiment's officers were Protestant there lacked a suitable reward for distinguished service. The Order of Saint Louis was intended as a reward for exceptional military officers, but could only be awarded to those of the Roman Catholic faith. King Louis XV created the Institution du Mérite militaire to be an outward sign of distinction, but not an order since French orders were limited to Catholics.[1] Presented in three grades the names of which were formalized as Knight, Grand Cordon, and Grand Cross in 1785, mirroring those of the Order of St. Louis. King Louis was careful to promote the prestige of the award by appointing the most talented officers. The first Grand Crosses were presented to Swiss Field Marshal Count Waldner and German Lieutenant General Prince William of Nassau-Saarbrücken.[2]
In 1791, during the French Revolution, the Orders of St. Louis and Military Merit were merged into the single Décoration Militaire. In 1792, after the proclamation of the Republic the Décoration Militaire was abolished. King Louis XVIII continued to make awards of the order while in exile. On 28 November 1814, during the restoration Louis XVIII reaffirmed the Order of Military Merit, increasing the number of Grand Crosses to four and Grand Cordons to eight. The ribbon color was also changed to match that of the Order of St. Louis. The last appointment to the order was made in 1829.[2]
Method of wear
- Knight's Cross
- Officer or Grand Cordon
- Grand Cross
Notable recipients
- John Paul Jones
- Axel von Fersen
- Curt von Stedingk
- Władysław Grzegorz Branicki
- Charles-Daniel de Meuron
- Sir James Leith (Knight Grand Cordon)[3][4][5]
- Thomas Moody (1779-1849) (Knight)[4][5]
References
- ^ a b "Les ordres et décorations de mérite sous l'Ancien Régime" (PDF). musee-legiondhonneur.fr. Le Musée de la Légion d’honneur. Retrieved 1 May 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Marc Champenois. "Institution du Mérite militaire" (in French). France-phaleristique.com. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
- ^ "No. 17194". The London Gazette. 23 November 1816. p. 2226.
- ^ a b Bulletins and Other State Intelligence Compiled and Arranged from the Official Documents published in the London Gazette, 1820. R. G. Clarke, Cannon Row, Westminster. 26 May 1820. p. 220.
- ^ a b Hart, Captain H. G. (1844). Hart's Annual Army List, Special Reserve List, and Territorial Force List, Volume 5. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London. p. 288.