Parnassius actius
| Parnassius actius | |
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| Syntype of P. actius actinobolus (female) from Bogdo Ula in collection of Ulster Museum | |
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| Species: | P. actius
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| Binomial name | |
| Parnassius actius Eversmann, 1843
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Parnassius actius is a high altitude butterfly found in Central Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus Parnassius of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae.
Range
Found in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, North-eastern Afghanistan, Indus Valley (Pakistan) and (Jammu and Kashmir) and South-western China, including Xinjiang.
Description
Note. The wing pattern in Parnassius species is inconsistent and the very many subspecies and forms make identification problematic and uncertain. Structural characters derived from the genitalia, wing venation, sphragis and foretibial epiphysis are more, but not entirely reliable. The description given here is a guide only.For an identification key see Ackery P.R. (1975[1]
P. actius can be recognized by the more elongate and a little more pointed forewing. Ground-colour usually pure white, more rarely slightly yellowish; vitreous margin of forewing narrow, as a rule not reaching the posterior angle, or the edge itself posteriorly narrowly white: submarginal spots feebly developed ; in male usually only the anterior .costal spot centred with red, in female both spots. The male, besides, somewhat duller, hindmarginal spot of forewing sometimes also marked with red, the submarginal markings more strongly developed. Hindwing grey at the base in both sexes, only in rare exceptional cases with a red basal spot above.[2]
Status
It is a rare butterfly and declining due to changes in its habitat and is thus considered to be Vulnerable. More information is needed on this species.
Gallery
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Parnassius actius larva -
Parnassius actius larva (different angle)
See also
References
- ^ Ackery P.R. (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
- ^ Stichel in Seitz, 1906 (Parnassius). Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Die Groß-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, Stuttgart.
- Collins, N.M., Morris, M.G. (1985) Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. IUCN. ISBN 2-88032-603-6
- Evans, W.H., (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India
- Haribal, Meena., (1992) The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya.Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation, Gangtok
- Wynter-Blyth, M.A., (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
- Sakai S., Inaoka S., Toshiaki A., Yamaguchi S., Watanabe Y., (2002) The Parnassiology. The Parnassius Butterflies, A Study in Evolution, Kodansha, Japan.
- Weiss J.-C., (2005) Parnassiinae of the World - Part 4, Hillside Books, Canterbury, UK.[1]
Further reading
Parnassius actius Sv Parnassius actius provides further references and synonymy
External links
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