Pinales

Pinales
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Subclass:	Pinidae
Order:	Pinales; Gorozh.
Families
	Araucariaceae, araucaria family (41); †Arctopityaceae (fossils only); Cephalotaxaceae, plum-yew family (20); †Cheirolepidiaceae (fossils only); Cupressaceae, cypress family (130-140); Pinaceae, pine family (220-250); Podocarpaceae, yellow-wood family (170-200); Sciadopityaceae, umbrella-pine family (1); Taxaceae, yew family (12-30); (approximate number of species in parentheses)

The order Pinales in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, comprises all the extant conifers. This order used to be known as the Coniferales.^[2]

The distinguishing characteristic is the reproductive structure known as a cone produced by all Pinales. All of the extant conifers, such as cedar, celery-pine, cypress, fir, juniper, larch, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew, are included here. Some fossil conifers, however, belong to other distinct orders within the division Pinophyta.

The yews had been separated into a distinct order of their own (Taxales), but genetic evidence indicates yews are monophyletic with other conifers and they are now included in the Pinales.

The families included are the Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Sciadopityaceae, and Taxaceae^[3].

References

^ Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Reveal, James L.; Farjon, Aljos; Gardner, Martin F.; Mill, Robert R.; Chase, Mark W. (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70.
^ [1] Zip code Zoo Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2018-06-24.

[Christenhusz-1] Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Reveal, James L.; Farjon, Aljos; Gardner, Martin F.; Mill, Robert R.; Chase, Mark W. (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70.

[2] [1] Zip code Zoo Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

[3] "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2018-06-24.

[1]

[2]

[3]