Pine woods tree frog
| Pine woods tree frog | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Genus: | Hyla |
| Species: | H. femoralis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hyla femoralis Bosc, 1800
| |
The pine woods tree frog (Hyla femoralis), is a species of frog in the Hylidae family, endemic to the southeastern United States.[1][2]
Description
Tadpole
Pine woods tree frogs lay eggs in ephemeral water bodies. Eggs generally hatch within 24 hours, and tadpoles metamorphose into froglets after 50–75 days at 11–15 mm in length.[3] Tadpoles are remarkably variable; similar to the squirrel tree frog (Hyla squirella), the presence or absence of dragonfly larvae (a predator) induces a dramatic, red-colored tail.[4]
Like many amphibian species' tadpoles, those of the pinewoods tree frog are susceptible to parasitic infection by trematode flatworms. Interestingly, pinewoods tree frog tadpoles swim in a manner that does not necessarily reduce the intensity of infection, but reduces the likelihood of these parasites infecting in the head and body region; instead, their swimming behavior shunts parasites to the tail area, where infection by parasites causes fewer harmful effects.[5]
Adult
The pine woods tree frog is a very small species, growing to a length of 25 to 38 mm (0.98 to 1.50 in). The color varies, sometimes being mottled brownish-gray, deep reddish-brown, gray, or grayish-green, usually with dark markings on its back. It is very similar in appearance to the squirrel tree frog (Hyla squirella) but it can be distinguished from that species by the series of yellow, orange, or white dots that can be seen on the back of the thigh when the hind leg is extended. The toes have large toe pads but little webbing. Their distinctive call can be heard between April and October; it is a series of staccato sounds, giving it the nickname of "Morse code frog".[3][6]
Distribution and habitat
The pine woods tree frog is found in the southeastern United States on the plains of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, its range extending from Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. It climbs high in trees, but also sometimes descends to ground level and favors pine woods, savannahs, mixed pine and turkey oak woodlands, and cypress swamps. During droughts or cold weather, it hides in or under rotten logs or in moist crevices in trees.[1][6]
Biology
The pine woods tree frog mainly eats insects. Breeding takes place at any time between March and October. The male calls, especially at dusk, from locations close to water, such as trees, bushes, and inside clumps of vegetation. The female lays about 100 eggs on or just below the surface of the water, which may be a ditch or temporary pool. The tadpoles are fully developed and ready to undergo metamorphosis at about two months old.[1][6]
Status
The pine woods tree frog is listed as being of "Least Concern" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Its large population is believed to be stable, and it is common over much of its wide range.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e Template:IUCN
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Hyla femoralis Daudin, 1800". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ^ a b "Pine Woods Treefrog (Hyla femoralis)". Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
- ^ "USGS Guide to Tadpoles". Retrieved 2015-09-13.
- ^ Sears, Brittany F.; Snyder, P. W; Rohr, J. R. (2013). "Infection deflection: hosts control parasite location with behaviour to improve tolerance" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 280: 20130759. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0759.
- ^ a b c "Pine Woods Treefrog – Hyla femoralis". The Frogs and Toads of Georgia. Retrieved 2012-09-25.