Platycephalidae
| Flatheads | |
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| File:1077 aquaimages.jpg | |
| Sunagocia otaitensis | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Family: | Platycephalidae
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| Genera | |
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Ambiserrula | |
Platycephalidae is a family of marine fishes, most commonly referred to as flatheads. They are relatives of the popular lionfishes, belonging to the order Scorpaeniformes.
Members of the family can be found naturally in coastal waters throughout the Indo-Pacific. A few species have been caught in the eastern Mediterranean, having traveled there from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal.
Description
Platycephalids are small-to-medium-sized fishes. Most species are small, reaching an average of 10 cm in length. However, a few species in the genus Platycephalus are known to grow up to a meter in length. Their most distinctive characteristic is the flattened shape of their heads. While the rest of their body is shaped similarly to other fishes that inhabit the areas they frequent, their heads are triangularly-shaped and dorso-ventrally depressed, giving them the shape of a trowel or an artist's spatula.[1] Their eyes are situated on the upper surface, in accordance with their bottom-dwelling lifestyle. They possess two complete dorsal fins, the first one supported by six-to-nine strong spines.
Flatheads are mostly marine. They are demersal fishes, often resting directly on the seabed, sometimes partially-buried in sand or mud. They can be found in a wide range of depths, ranging from depths of 10 meters to the edge of the continental shelf at depths of about 300 metres (980 ft).[1]
Flatheads are carnivorous, feeding on small fishes and crustaceans. They lie in wait buried by sand, with only their eyes poking out from the substrate. When prospective prey walks or swims close to the platycephalid's head, the flathead strikes rapidly, engulfing the prey in its large mouth.
There are active commercial fisheries geared towards members of the family, especially in eastern countries. In Japan, some species are the subject of experimental aquaculture programs. Flatheads are occasionally caught on rod and line and the larger species are considered game fish.
The name of the family is derived from the Greek words platy, meaning "flat", and kephale for "head".
Species
There are currently 68 known species within 19 genera in the family:
Family Platcephalidae
- Genus Ambiserrula
- Ambiserrula jugosa McCulloch, 1914. A small member of the family endemic to Australia.
- Genus Cociella
- Genus Cymbacephalus
- Genus Elates
- Genus Eurycephalus
- Genus Grammoplites
- Genus Inegocia
- Genus Kumococius
- Genus Leviprora
- Genus Onigocia
- Genus Papilloculiceps
- Genus Platycephalus Bloch, 1795. Type genus.
- Platycephalus fuscus
- Platycephalus indicus Linnaeus, 1758. Type species. Synonymous with P. spathula.
- Platycephalus laevigatus
- Platycephalus longispinis
- Platycephalus marmoratus
- Platycephalus micracanthus
- Platycephalus richardsoni
- Platycephalus speculator
- Genus Ratabulus
- Genus Rogadius
- Genus Solitas
- Genus Sorsogona
- Genus Suggrundus
- Genus Sunagocia
- Genus Thysanophrys
References
- ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 177. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Imamura (2007). "Rogadius mcgroutheri , a new species of flathead (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) collected from eastern Australia and New Caledonia". Ichthyological Research. 54 (3): 303–307. doi:10.1007/s10228-007-0405-3.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Platycephalidae" in FishBase. January 2007 version.
- "Platycephalidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 21 February.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help) - Myers, P. (2006). "Platycephalidae" (html). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
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See also
