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Portrait of a Princess (Pisanello)

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Portrait of Princess
ArtistPisanello
Year1435–1449
MediumTempera on panel
Dimensions43 cm × 30 cm (17 in × 12 in)
LocationLouvre, Paris

Portrait of Princess is a tempera painting on panel attributed to the Italian Late-Gothic master Pisanello. It was probably executed between 1435 and 1449 and is also known as Portrait of a Princess of the House of Este. It is firmly attributed to Pisanello on stylistic grounds and because he stayed in Ferrara in the period, where he also finished a portrait and a celebrative medal of Marquis Leonello d'Este.

The princess is shown in profile against a background of numerous butterflies and columbine flowers. The butterfly near the princess' brow is a symbol of the soul.

The painting is currently housed and exhibited in the Musée du Louvre in Paris, France.

History

This picture first came to light in 1860 in a sale, when it was bought by the German Consul Felix Bamberg. In 1893 the Louvre acquired it from Charles Picard for 30000 francs.

For a long time there has been no doubt in anyone's mind as to the name of the artist; but the identity of the sitter remains a mystery. The only solid basis for a hypothesis is the embroidery on her sleeve, representing the two-handled vase of the Este family; this is also found on the reverse of a medal which Pisanello designed for Lionello d'Este. Attempts have therefore been made to connect the portrait with various princesses of this family. Pisanello was one of the artists employed by them, and stayed on several occasions in Ferrara (Italy), where he decorated a room in the Palazzo Schifanoia.

Margherita Gonzaga (d. 1439) might be one possibility for the sitter. She was the wife of Lionello d'Este, and the picture might have been painted at the time of their marriage in 1433. Another suggestion identifies this fresh and young face as Ginevra d'Este, because of the sprig of juniper on the sleeve - though this may simply be an emblem of happiness and not a pun on her name. She was the unfortunate niece and wife of the redoubtable Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, who subjected Romagna to fire and arms, and whose shameless affaire with Isotta degli Atti was the scandal of the age. It was Malatesta who commissioned polymath Leon Battista Alberti to build the Tempio Malatestiano at Rimini. He had his wife poisoned in 1440, when she was only twenty-two. It has also been suggested that the lady in the portrait may be a Gonzaga princess: perhaps Beatrice, or Margherita, or the learned Cecilia, whom Pisanello also depicted on a medal (cf. image at right).[1]

Cecilia Gonzaga (obverse), Innocence and Unicorn in Moonlit Landscape (reverse), by Pisanello (1447)

In any case, the portrait represents a very young woman, hardly more than a girl. Against the background of greenery, with its sprinkling of butterflies, pinks and columbines, the profile is sharply defined. Its outline is yet further accentuated by the style of cranial deformation, fashionable among the local elites of that period,[2] evidenced by the cloth bandeau used to constrict the growth of the skull, forcing it to expand backwards and up, accentuated when the hairs on the brow were plucked out and the rest of the hair drawn back from the face, as with the medieval hennin, possibly as a remnant of practices introduced by Hunnish influenced cultures after the fall of Western Roman Imperial power.[3][4] A portrait by Pisanello of Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara, who married Margherita to settle a debt to the Gonzaga family, clearly shows the same style of cranial deformation, traditionally reserved as a distinction for elite families, suggesting that the Princess must be a consanguineous relative, perhaps sister, of Leonello.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Germain Bazin, "The Louvre (New Revised Edition)", English edition trans. M. I. Martin, Thames & Hudson (1979)
  2. ^ Daniel R. Bronfin, MD (October 2001). "Misshapen Heads in Babies: Position or Pathology?". The Ochsner Journal. pp. 191–199.
  3. ^ István János; et al. (Apr 2014). "Artificially deformed crania from the Hun-Germanic Period (5th–6th century ad) in northeastern Hungary: historical and morphological analysis". Neurosurgical Focus. p. E1. doi:10.3171/2014.1.FOCUS13466. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author2= (help)
  4. ^ M.F. Todorov, L'Italia dalle origini a Pisanello (I disegni dei maestri), Fabri Editori (1970), s.v. "Antonio di Puccio Pisano".

References

  • Todorov, M.F. (1970), L'Italia dalle origini a Pisanello (I disegni dei maestri). (Milan:Fabbri Editori).
  • Ventura, Leandro (1996). "Pisanello". Art dossier (113). Turin: Giunti.
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