Pseudoangustidontus
| Pseudoangustidontus Temporal range: Late Tremadocian,
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| Fossil endites of P. duplospineus | |
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| Fossil appendage of P. izdigua with 3D rendering (F-G) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Order: | †Radiodonta |
| Family: | †Hurdiidae |
| Subfamily: | †Aegirocassisinae |
| Genus: | †Pseudoangustidontus Van Roy & Tetlie, 2006 |
| Species | |
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Pseudoangustidontus (meaning "false Angustidontus") is a genus of hurdiid (peytoiid) radiodont from the Lower Ordovician of Morocco.[1][2] This genus is known from two described species, P. duplospineus and P. izidigua, with some specimens that are hard to determine which species to belong to.[3] This animal is only known from the Fezouata Formation, a fossil site in Morocco that is of Lagerstätte status, meaning that the fossils from this site are exceptionally preserved.[4] Because of its partial remains, its classification was debated, but with more complete fossils it is identified as radiodont frontal appendage.[3]
Description
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Reconstruction of the frontal appendage of P. duplospineus -
Reconstruction of the frontal appendage of P. izdigua -
Reconstruction of the frontal appendage of Aegirocassis for comparison
Pseudoangustidontus is only described from frontal appendage remains, with an exception of MGL 108047_1, holotype of P. izidigua which preserved part of carapace. P. duplospineus had paired setae alternating in length short/long while frontal appendage of P. izdigua bears endites with setae that are all the same length.[3]
Classification
However, Pseudoangustidontus was later found to be a hurdiid radiodont like Aegirocassis (bottom left), while Angustidontus (bottom right) is a crustacean.
When described in 2006, the only known fossils of this genus were isolated appendages that bore copious amounts of spines. Because of this, the taxonomy of this arthropod was debated, with possible suggestions of this creatures affinity being with the eurypterids, radiodonts, or crustaceans.[1] In a review article in 2023, it was questionably placed in the Hurdiidae.[5] And in another paper that was released in the same year, describing newly found fossils, it was found to be closely related to Aegirocassis, a coexisting radiodont, and classified to the subfamily Aegirocassisinae.[3]
Paleoecology
Pseudoangustidontus is speculated to be a filter feeder similar to Aegirocassis, that used numerous setae on its frontal appendages as mesh to catch microorganisms. The setae and mesh size of the frontal appendages of Pseudoangustidontus is around 0.5 mm, slightly smaller than that of Aegirocassis (0.56 mm), both genera probably fed on mesoplankton. However, a specimen of P. izdigua had an unidentified shell or carapace with a diameter about 3 mm trapped in its setae, suggesting it could have fed on even larger prey.[3]
References
- ^ a b Van Roy, Peter; Tetlie, O. Erik (2006). "A spinose appendage fragment of a problematic arthropod from the Early Ordovician of Morocco". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 51 (2): 239–246.
- ^ Martin, Emmanuel L.O.; Pittet, Bernard; Gutiérrez-Marco, Juan-Carlos; Vannier, Jean; El Hariri, Khadija; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Masrour, Moussa; Nowak, Hendrik; Servais, Thomas; Vandenbroucke, Thijs R.A.; Van Roy, Peter; Vaucher, Romain; Lefebvre, Bertrand (2016). "The Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte from Morocco: Age, environment and evolutionary perspectives". Gondwana Research. 34: 274–283. Bibcode:2016GondR..34..274M. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.03.009. ISSN 1342-937X.
- ^ a b c d e Potin, G. J.-M.; Gueriau, P.; Daley, A. C. (2023). "Radiodont frontal appendages from the Fezouata Biota (Morocco) reveal high diversity and ecological adaptations to suspension-feeding during the Early Ordovician". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. 1214109. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1214109.
- ^ Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. PMID 20463737. S2CID 4313285.
- ^ Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. (2023). "The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion". Frontiers in Earth Science. 11. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285. ISSN 2296-6463.