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Republican Guard (Yemen)

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Yemeni Republican Guard
Republican Guard shoulder sleeve insignia
Active1964–2012
Country Yemen
Branch Yemen Army
TypeArmoured Corps
Mechanized Infantry
Size100,000[1][2]–150,000[3]
Engagements2011 Yemeni uprising
Commanders
Current CommanderBrig. Gen. Ahmed Saleh
Notable
commanders		Brig. Gen. Ahmed Saleh
Col. Ali Raymi  †
Insignia
Unit flag

The Yemeni Republican Guard (Template:Lang-ar) is an elite formation of the Yemen Army. It is currently commanded by the former President Ali Abdullah Saleh's son, Ahmed Saleh. It was most notably involved in the 2011 Yemeni uprising, fighting in favour of the Saleh government.[4] The unit was traditionally relied on as the backbone of the regime, and the unit was the best armed and trained in the armed forces. The Defence Ministry both overlooked and engaged in corruption with the unit in order to ensure the loyalty of the unit's leadership.[3]

History

The Republican Guard was created in 1964 by Yemen's republican and Nasserist regime based on the Republican Guard (Egypt) model of a powerful, heavily armored formation defending the Capital city against internal threats. The Guard was initially created and trained by Egyptian and Soviet advisors. The Guard was supposed to be a symbol of the Republican State.

Role in the 2011-2012 Yemeni revolution

On 15 October 2011, Al Arabiya, quoting defected General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, reported that 7,000 members of the Republican Guard and other security units had defected to the Yemeni opposition.[5]

On November 21, anti-government forces stormed a Republican Guard barracks situated in Nahm, a town 70 km northeast of the capital Sana'a. The barracks attacked was used by the 63rd Mountain Infantry Brigade of the Republican Guard. Planes loyal to the regime of Saleh launched several retaliatory strikes against the anti-government forces, who returned anti-aircraft fire using captured base equipment.[6]

Post revolution

Although the Republican Guard under Saleh was counted as one of the most loyal units of the Yemeni Army, the unit has been less reliable for his successor due to parts of it still being commanded by Saleh loyalists. This has led to conflict in the unit between Saleh loyalists and loyalists to the new government.

Following an attempt by the new President Al-Hadi to replace the leader of the 3rd Republican Guard Brigade, Tareq Mohamed Abdullah Saleh, Saleh led a 65-day mutiny. The mutiny was eventually brought to an end on June 7 after other Republican Guard Brigades managed to disarm the mutinous Brigade.[7][8] Saleh subsequently relinquished his command and control of the 3rd Brigade, which is regarded as one of the strongest and best equipped brigades in the military, was taken over by General Abdulrahman al-Halili.[9]

Another Saleh loyalist, Brigadier General Murad al-Awbali; commander of the 62nd brigade, was abducted by soldiers in the unit after withholding pay from those who had broken ranks with the former president Saleh. Awbali's release was later secured by tribal officials.[10]

In an effort to try and curb the power of Brig. Gen. Ahmed Saleh, President Hadi announced a restructuring of the Armed Forces in early August 2012. The restructuring particularly hit the strong Republican Guard, and will see units moved from both the Republican Guard and other units to a new force known as the Presidential Defence Forces, which will be under the direct control of the President.[11] In reaction to these attempts at restructuring, 200 armed members of the Republican Guard protested outside the Defense Ministry, leading to troops having to be deployed in due to worry that the armed protesters might attempt to storm the building.[3][12]

Strength

30 000 to 100 000 men commanded by Brigadier Ahmed Saleh.

Organization

The RG command structure as of April 2012[13] The Republican Guard consists of 20 Brigades:

  • 1st Brigade (Special Guard)[14]
  • 1st Artillery Brigade
  • 2nd Mountain Infantry Brigade
  • 3rd Mountain Infantry Brigade
  • 3rd Armoured Brigade
  • 4th Brigade
  • 7th Infantry Brigade
  • 9th Mechanized Infantry Brigade
  • 14th Armored Brigade
  • 22nd Armored Brigade
  • 26th Brigade
  • 33rd Armored Brigade
  • 55th Brigade
  • 61st Brigade
  • 62nd Mountain Infantry Brigade
  • 63rd Mechanized Infantry Brigade
  • 72nd Infantry Brigade
  • 83rd Brigade
  • 101st Mountain Infantry Brigade
  • 102nd Mountain Infantry Brigade

References

  1. ^ What Yemen's New Jihadist Threat Means For The United States - Page 3 - Business Insider
  2. ^ Restructuring Yemen's Military Leadership | Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth
  3. ^ a b c Divided army threatens Yemen move to democ... JPost - Middle East
  4. ^ BBC News - Yemen unrest: Saleh forces 'shell Sanaa protest camp'
  5. ^ Defected general says 7,000 Saleh troops, security forces joined opposition
  6. ^ 63rd Republican Guard Base Falls to the Revolution- Yemen Post English Newspaper Online
  7. ^ Mutiny of the 3rd Republican Guard Brigade | Yemen Times
  8. ^ 3rd Republican Guard Brigade’s mutiny ends | Yemen Times
  9. ^ Protesters in Yemen demand loyalist 'purge' | Al Jazeera
  10. ^ Yemeni soldiers free officer they abducted | Reuters
  11. ^ "Yemen restructures army, cuts powers of ex-leader's son". Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  12. ^ Yemeni Republican Guard protest outside Defence Ministry - Daily News Egypt
  13. ^ Yemen Order of Battle | American Enterprise Institute
  14. ^ Saleh’s nephew leaves for UAE | Yemen Times
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