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This article is about Richard B. Lanman, Biotechnology Entrepreneur. For Richard B. Lanman, Technology Entrepreneur, see Fritz Lanman.
Dr. Rick Lanman
Dr. Lanman at his home in 2023
Born
Richard Burnham Lanman Jr.

1955 (age 68–69)
Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
NationalityAmerican
EducationStanford University, B.S. 1977
Northwestern University School of Medicine, M.D. 1980
Occupation(s)Physician-scientist and Naturalist
Years active1978-present
Known forBiomarkers in Cardiovascular disease and Cancer, and Historical ecology
RelativesMartha Lee Hopkins Struever (mother)
Fritz Lanman (son)
James Lanman (son)
Medical career
ProfessionMedical Doctor
InstitutionsGuardant Health, Inc.
Veracyte, Inc.
diaDexus, Inc.
Atherotech, Inc.
San Jose Medical Group, Inc.
Kaiser Permanente
ResearchCancer genomics, Precision oncology, Cardiovascular Biomarkers, Thyroid cancer, Interstitial lung disease, Psychiatry, Ecology

Richard Burnham Lanman is an American biotechnology entrepreneur, physician scientist, and naturalist.[1] His contributions relate to improving diagnosis and utilization of less invasive medical procedures,[2][3] most recently as Global Chief Medical Officer at Guardant Health, Inc., a precision oncology company that developed a blood test replacing invasive tissue biopsies to sequence tumor DNA and improve cancer treatment selection.[4][5][6] Lanman has worked in five different medical specialties, oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, pulmonology, and psychiatry, as well as historical ecology, and has authored or co-authored 130 peer-reviewed scientific publications.[7]

Early life and education

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Lanman was born at an U.S. Army Hospital in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany, in 1955. He is the son of American Indian art dealer and author Martha Lee Hopkins Lanman Struever and Lieutenant Richard Burnham Lanman Sr.[8] Lanman grew up in Munster, Indiana where his parents had a hardware store. At age 11, his father died from leukemia. Lanman graduated Phi Beta Kappa at Stanford University, with a B.S. in Chemistry in 1977.

After obtaining his M.D. from the Northwestern University School of Medicine in 1980, Lanman began his medical internship at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, then in July 1981 began another medical internship at the University of California San Francisco Moffit Hospital. From 1982 to 1985 he completed his residency in psychiatry at Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, also at UCSF. He became a diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in 1990. During medical school and residency, Lanman authored journal articles in cardiology and psychiatry,[9][10] including a book chapter.[11]

Career

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Lanman began his medical career as an attending psychiatrist at Kaiser Permanente in Santa Clara County, California in 1985, where he served as Chief of Psychiatry and Chemical Dependency, then, as Chief of Quality. At Kaiser Lanman encouraged adoption of less invasive procedures and improvements in diagnosis in other specialties, culminating in a book chapter he authored on variation in physician practice patterns and hospitalization rates for children with asthma across Kaiser's 14 hospitals in Northern California.[3]

Physician practice management

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Lanman left Kaiser Permanente to serve as Chief Medical Officer and Sr. Vice President at San Jose Medical Group (SJMG), in San Jose, California from 1993 to 1995, a large multispecialty physician group practice.[12][13][14][15] San Jose Medical Group was named the "most effective managed care medical group in the country" in 1996 by The Advisory Board Company.[16]

In 1995, Lanman founded Adesso Healthcare Technology Services as Founder and Chief Executive Officer.[17][18] Adesso offered an alternative to a cost-cutting approach by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that had been using primary care physicians as gatekeepers, limiting access to specialty physician care.[19] Under Adesso, patients could be referred to specialist physician networks, such as cardiologists or ophthalmologists, without preauthorization. In return the specialist networks contracted directly with health insurers, and instead of fee-for-service, the specialists were reimbursed utilizing severity-adjusted case rates for each episode of care.[2][20] Adesso filed for an IPO in early 2000,[21] however, the public offering succumbed to the stock market crash that year.

Biotechnology

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Lanman transitioned to the biotechnology sector from physician practice management, first joining Atherotech, Inc. as Chief Medical Officer in 2000. Atherotech offered a cardiovascular biomarker diagnostic known as the Vertical Auto Profile- or VAP-expanded cholesterol and lipoprotein test, to improve prediction of risk of heart attack and stroke.[22][23][24][25][26] There he published validation studies on the VAP test's unique lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) cholesterol measurement and other lipoprotein biomarkers.[27] Atherotech was privately acquired by Behrman Capital.[28]

In 2005, Lanman joined a second preventive cardiology biomarker company, diaDexus, Inc., as Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer. DiaDexus developed a test for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), the first FDA-cleared biomarker test to predict risk of stroke.[29][30][31] DiaDexus completed a reverse IPO via merger with VaxGen in 2010.[32]

After working in two companies to improve prediction of risk for cardiovascular events, Lanman joined Veracyte, Inc. in 2008 as Chief Medical Officer. Veracyte develops minimally invasive diagnostic tests utilizing genomics. Veracyte's initial genomics tests improved the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and lung nodules without resorting to surgery.[33][34] Lanman was also principal investigator in a study validating Veracyte's third genomics test to improve diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis versus other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.[35] Veracyte, Inc. went public in October, 2013.[36]

In September 2014, Lanman joined Guardant Health, Inc. where he served as Global Chief Medical Officer.[6] Guardant's first diagnostic test, Guardant360® enabled sequencing of the DNA in patients' advanced cancers with a simple blood test, as an aid in treatment selection for targeted therapy or immunotherapy without requiring invasive tissue biopsies.[4] This non-invasive test was approved by Medicare to help identify targetable mutations in most solid tumor cancers in 2019.[37] Guardant Health went public in October, 2018.[38]

Historical ecology

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Lanman researches and publishes on California's historical ecology to improve and guide efforts at rewilding, often changing understanding of the historical fauna and flora of the state.[39] His first historical ecology discovery was of lost specimens of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, establishing that in the 1890's the creek behind his house in Los Altos was a trout stream.[40] Next, in a trio of publications, he and colleagues established novel physical evidence that the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) was native to most of California.[41][42][43][1] A fourth publication reported the last record of beaver in the San Francisco Bay Area prior to their extirpation from the fur trade in the form of rock art, known as "Western Message Petroglyphs", which describe a vacant beaver lodge in the Alameda Creek watershed.[44] In 2021, Lanman and colleagues published the results of an ancient DNA sequencing study of salmonid remains from archaeological excavations at Mission Santa Clara which extended the southern limit of the historical spawning range of Chinook salmon, 120 kilometres (75 mi) further south to San Jose, California.[45] More recently, he proposed, along with the Muwekma Ohlone and Amah Mutsun tribes, restoration of tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) to the San Francisco Peninsula and northern Monterey Bay regions.[46] In 2023, he published, along with California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) and University of California, Berkeley biologists, a habitat suitability analysis which found long patches of habitat suitable for tule elk from Pacifica to the Pajaro River along the coastal and inland sides of the Santa Cruz Mountains.[47]

Lanman retired from Guardant Health on December 31, 2019, but continued as an Advisor through early 2021. He continues to research and publish in medicine and historical ecology, while also serving on the Boards of Chiara Biosciences, Inc., Circulogene, Inc., WeTree, Inc., and as an Advisor to Forward Health, Inc., Precede Biosciences, Sunbird Bio, Inc., and Teiko Bio, Inc. He was a past Board member of Biolase, Inc. from 2017–2022 and the American Psychiatric Association from 1983–1985.[48][49]

Representative publications

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Journal articles

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  • Lanman RB et al. (2006) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: review and recommendation of a clinical cut point for adults. Preventive Cardiology 9(3), 138-143 PMID 16849876[50]
  • Muhlestein JB et al. (2006) The reduction of inflammatory biomarkers by statin, fibrate, and combination therapy among diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia: the DIACOR (Diabetes and Combined Lipid Therapy Regimen) study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48(20, 396-401 PMID 22731672[51]
  • Alexander EK et al. (2012) Preoperative diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. The New England Journal of Medicine 367(8), 705-715 PMID 22731672[34]
  • Lanman RB et al. (2012) The historical range of beaver in the Sierra Nevada: a review of the evidence. California Fish and Wildlife Journal 98(2), 65-80.[41]
  • Lanman RB et al. (2015) Analytical and Clinical Validation of a Digital Sequencing Panel for Quantitative, Highly Accurate Evaluation of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA. PLOS One PMID 26474073[52]
  • Blakely CM et al. (2017) Evolution and clinical impact of co-occurring genetic alterations in advanced-stage EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Nature Genetics 49(12), 1693-1704 PMID 29776953[53]
  • Slavin TP et al. (2018) Identification of Incidental Germline Mutations in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Who Underwent Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing. Journal of Clinical Oncology 36(35), 3459-3465 PMID 30339520[54]
  • Lanman RB et al. (2021) Ancient DNA analysis of archaeological specimens extends Chinook salmon's known historic range to San Francisco Bay's tributaries and southernmost watershed. California Fish and Wildlife Journal 16, e0244470 PMID 33857143[45]
  • Lanman RB et al. (2022) A review of considerations for restoration of tule elk to the San Francisco Peninsula and northern Monterey Bay counties of California. California Fish and Wildlife Journal 108, 62–93 [46]

Book chapters

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  • Lanman RB et al. (1989) Reorganizing for the Future in Talbot JA (ed.) Future Directions for Psychiatry 172-180 ISBN 9780890422151[11]
  • Lanman R (1994) Improving Pediatric Asthma Care in a Health Maintenance Organization, in Horn SD and Hopkins DSP (ed.) Clinical Practice Improvement: A New Technology for Developing Cost-Effective Quality Health Care 169-174 ISBN 9781881393252.[3]

Personal life

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Lanman married Alanna Purcell in 1978 and they raised five sons in Los Altos, California.[55]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Ben Goldfarb (2018). Eager: The Surprising, Secret Life of Beavers and Why They Matter. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 135–141. ISBN 9781603587402. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  2. ^ a b L. Page (May 15, 2000). "Fee for Episode". American Medical News. pp. 13–14.
  3. ^ a b c Lanman R (1994). Horn SD; Hopkins DSP (eds.). Improving Pediatric Asthma Care in a Health Maintenance Organization, in Clinical Practice Improvement: A New Technology for Developing Cost-Effective Quality Health Care. New York: Faulkner & Gray, Inc. pp. 169–174. ISBN 9781881393252.
  4. ^ a b João Medeiros (February 5, 2017). "Marcus Krause's lung cancer wouldn't stop growing. Then he took a new kind of blood test". Wired UK. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  5. ^ Richard Harris (December 16, 2016). "When Genetic Tests Disagree About Best Option For Cancer Treatment". National Public Radio (NPR). Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Anna Czene (December 11, 2019). "Study Shows Only 40 Percent of Patients with Metastatic Colon Cancer Receive Guideline-Recommended Biomarker Testing". Barron's. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  7. ^ "PubMed Single Citation Matcher". National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  8. ^ Robert Bauver (2017). "Memories of Marti: In Memoriam" (PDF). ATADA News. Antique Tribal Art Dealer Association. pp. 8–9. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
  9. ^ Ogunro EA; Lanman RB; Spencer JR; Ferguson AG; Lesch M (November 1979). "Degradation of canine cardiac myosin and actin by cathepsin D isolated from homologous tissue". Cardiovasc Research. 13 (11): 621–629. doi:10.1093/cvr/13.11.621. PMID 42492.
  10. ^ H. Levenson; R. Lanman; M. Rankin (1982). "Traumatic war neurosis and phenelzine". Archives of General Psychiatry. 39 (11): 1345. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290110093018. PMID 7138237.
  11. ^ a b Lanman RB; Pardes H; Benedek EP; Rink PJ; Wiener JM (1989). Talbott JA (ed.). Reorganizing for the Future, in Future Directions for Psychiatry. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, Inc. pp. 172–180. ISBN 9780890422151.
  12. ^ "From Kaiser to San Jose". San Francisco Business Times. October 4, 1993. p. 19.
  13. ^ Physician-Driven Integration: A response to the Corporatization of Medicine (PDF) (Report). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians. 1996. S2CID 38844951. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-23.
  14. ^ James C. Robinson; Lawrence P. Casalino (December 21, 1995). "The Growth of Medical Groups Paid through Capitation in California". New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (25): 1684–1687. doi:10.1056/NEJM199512213332506. PMID 7477222.
  15. ^ Capitation in California: A Study of Physician Organizations Managing Risk. Maurice Penner. 1997. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-56793-051-1.
  16. ^ Philip M. Mack (July 1, 1996). "A Capital Idea". California Medicine. Vol. 3, no. 7. San Francisco, California: California Medicine Publishing, Inc. pp. R3–R14.
  17. ^ Wendy Sheanin (August 8, 1995). "People in Business". SFGate/San Francisco Chronicle.
  18. ^ Peter Sinton (February 11, 1998). "Venture Money Pot Swells / Information technology firms draw bulk of it". San Francisco Chronicle.
  19. ^ Chris Rauber (December 17, 1995). "Medical services firm to assist specialists' operations". San Francisco Business Times. p. 9.
  20. ^ Jeff Goldsmith (December 2000). "The Internet And Managed Care: A New Wave Of Innovation". Health Affairs. 19 (6): 42–56. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.19.6.42. PMID 11192421.
  21. ^ Chris Rauber (August 10, 1997). "Adesso looks toward national expansion". San Francisco Business Times.
  22. ^ Vanessa Gisquet (September 30, 2004). "Blood Feud". Forbes. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  23. ^ Anne Paxton (July 1, 2002). "One option for a more complete profile". CAP Today. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  24. ^ Krishnaji R. Kulkarni (December 2006). "Cholesterol profile measurement by vertical auto profile method". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 26 (4): 787–802. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2006.07.004. PMID 17110240.
  25. ^ Joshi PH; Khokhar AA; Massaro JM; Lirette ST; Griswold ME; Martin SS; Blaha MJ; Kulkarni KR; Correa A; D'Agostino RB Sr.; Jones SR; Toth PP (April 2016). "Remnant lipoprotein cholesterol and incident coronary heart disease: The Jackson Heart and Framingham Offspring Cohort Studies". Journal of the American Heart Association. 5 (5): 1–10. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002765. PMC 4889167. PMID 27130348.
  26. ^ Paul T. Williams; Xue-Qiao Zhao; Santica M.; Marcovina, James D.; Otvos, B.; Greg Brown; Ronald M. Krauss (April 2014). "Comparison of four methods of analysis of lipoprotein particle subfractions for their association with angiographic progression of coronary artery disease". Atherosclerosis. 233 (2): 713–720. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.034. PMC 3990359. PMID 24603218.
  27. ^ R. B. Lanman (2004). "VAP - A Better Cholesterol Test". Journal of Clinical Ligand Assay. 27: 97–100.
  28. ^ Ben Piper (January 13, 2011). "Atherotech acquired by Behrman Capital". Birmingham Business Journal. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  29. ^ Karen Lusky (July 2008). "New clue for predicting stroke risk: Lp-PLA2". CAP Today.
  30. ^ FDA Decision Summary: 510(k) Substantial Equivalent Determination (PDF) (Report). December 15, 2005.
  31. ^ Thompson A; Gao P; Orfei L; Watson S; Di Angelantonio E; Kaptoge S; Gao P; Orfei L; Watson S; Di Angelantonio E; Kaptoge S; Ballantyne C; Cannon CP; Criqui M; Cushman M; Hofman A; Packard C; Thompson SG; Collins R; Danesh J (May 2010). "Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies". Lancet. 375 (9725): 1536–44. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60319-4. PMC 2864403. PMID 20435228.
  32. ^ "VaxGen to Acquire diaDexus in a Stock-for-Stock Merger". FierceBiotech. April 14, 2010.
  33. ^ "Veracyte, Inc. developed diagnostics for thyroid and non-small cell lung cancer". iCloudNewswire. July 4, 2019.
  34. ^ a b E. K. Alexander; G. C. Kennedy; Z. W. Baloch; E. S. Cibas; D. Chudova; J. Diggans; L. Friedman; R. T. Kloos; V. A. LiVolsi; S. J. Mandel; S. S. Raab; J. Rosai; D. L. Steward; P. S. Walsh; J. I. Wilde; M. A. Zeiger; R. B. Lanman; B. R. Haugen (August 23, 2012). "Preoperative diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (8): 705–715. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1203208. PMID 22731672. S2CID 4992970.
  35. ^ "New tissue test for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis changes the diagnostic game". PulmCCM. December 6, 2019.
  36. ^ Mark Hollmer (October 13, 2013). "Veracyte goes public, raises $65M and gains on Day 1". FierceBiotech.
  37. ^ "Guardant Health Liquid Biopsy Test Gets Expanded Medicare Coverage for Solid Tumors". GenomeWeb. December 19, 2019.
  38. ^ Emma Court (October 14, 2018). "Guardant Health IPO: 5 things to know about the startup that wants to detect cancer early". MarketWatch.
  39. ^ Sue Dremanna (Apr 7, 2023). "Inside one man's hunt to rediscover lost animal species". Palo Alto Weekly. Palo Alto, California. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  40. ^ Rick Lanman (Summer 2021). "Once Upon a Time Los Altans Fly Fished Adobe Creek". Under the Oaks. Los Altos, California: Los Altos Historical Museum. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  41. ^ a b Lanman RB; Perryman H; Dolman B; James CD (2012). "The historical range of beaver in the Sierra Nevada: a review of the evidence". California Fish and Game. 98 (2): 65–80. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  42. ^ Lanman RB; Perryman H; Dolman B; James CD (2012). "The historical range of beaver in the Sierra Nevada: a review of the evidence". California Fish and Game. 98 (2): 65–80. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  43. ^ Lanman CW; Lundquist K; Perryman H; Asarian JE; Dolman B.; Lanman RB; Pollock MM (2013). "The historical range of beaver (Castor canadensis) in coastal California: an updated review of the evidence". California Fish and Game. 99 (4): 193–221. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  44. ^ Leigh Marymor; Richard Burnham Lanman (2021). "Western Message Petroglyphs indicate historic beaver presence in a San Francisco Bay Area watershed". California Fish and Wildlife Journal. 107 (2): 89–98. doi:10.51492/cfwj.107.8. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  45. ^ a b R. B. Lanman; L. Hylkema; C. M. Boone; B. Allée; R. O. Castillo; S. A. Moreno; M. F. Flores; U. DeSilva; B. Bingham; B. M. Kemp (2021). "Ancient DNA analysis of archaeological specimens extends Chinook salmon's known historic range to San Francisco Bay's tributaries and southernmost watershed". PLOS ONE. 16 (4): e0244470. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1644470L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244470. PMC 8049268. PMID 33857143.
  46. ^ a b Richard B. Lanman; William C. Leikam; Monica V. Arellano; Alan Leventhal; Valentin Lopez; Ryan A. Phillips; Julie A. Phillips; Kristin Denryter (October 12, 2022). "Review of considerations for restoration of tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) to the San Francisco Peninsula and northern Monterey Bay counties of California". California Fish and Wildlife Journal. 108 (3). doi:10.51492/cfwj.108.14. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  47. ^ T. Connor; T. J. Batter; C. O. Langer; J. Cann; C. McColl; R. B. Lanman (2023). "Habitat suitability assessment for tule elk in the San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay areas". California Fish and Wildlife Journal. 109: e19. doi:10.51492/cfwj.109.19. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  48. ^ "BIOLASE Appoints Richard B. Lanman to Board of Directors". Biolase, Inc. October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  49. ^ "American Psychiatric Association Board Election". Psychiatric News. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association Publishing. January 18, 1985. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  50. ^ R. B. Lanman; R. L. Wolfert; J. K. Fleming; A. S. Jaffe; W. L. Roberts; G. R. Warnick; J. P. McConnell (2006). "Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: review and recommendation of a clinical cut point for adults". Preventive Cardiology. 9 (3): 138–143. doi:10.1111/j.1520-037X.2006.05547.x. PMID 16849876.
  51. ^ J. B. Muhlestein; H. T. May; J. R. Jensen; B. D. Horne; R. B. Lanman; F. Lavasani; R. L. Wolfert; R. R. Pearson; H. D. Yannicelli; J. L. Anderson (July 18, 2006). "The reduction of inflammatory biomarkers by statin, fibrate, and combination therapy among diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia: the DIACOR (Diabetes and Combined Lipid Therapy Regimen) study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 48 (2): 396–401. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.05.009. PMID 16843192.
  52. ^ Lanman, Richard B.; Mortimer, Stefanie A.; Zill, Oliver A.; Sebisanovic, Dragan; Lope, Rene; Blau, Sibel; Collisson, Eric A.; Divers, Stephen G; Hoon, Dave S. B.; Kopetz, E. Scott; Lee, Jeeyun; Nikolinakos, Petros G.; Baca, Arthur M.; Kermani, Bahram G.; Eltoukhy, Helmy; Talasaz, AmirAli (16 Oct 2015). "Analytical and Clinical Validation of a Digital Sequencing Panel for Quantitative, Highly Accurate Evaluation of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA". PLOS One. 10 (10): e0140712. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1040712L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140712. PMC 4608804. PMID 26474073.
  53. ^ C. M. Blakely; T. B. K. Watkins; W. Wu; B. Gini; J. J. Chabon; C. E. McCoach; N. McGranahan; G. A. Wilson; N. J. Birkbak; V. R. Olivas; J. Rotow; A. Maynard; V. Wang; M. A. Gubens; K. C. Banks; R. B. Lanman; A. F. Caulin; J. St John; A. R. Cordero; P. Giannikopoulos; A. D. Simmons; P. C. Mack; D. R. Gandara; H. Husain; R. C. Doebele; J. W. Riess; M. Diehn; C. Swanton; T. G. Bivona (November 6, 2017). "Evolution and clinical impact of co-occurring genetic alterations in advanced-stage EGFR-mutant lung cancers". Nature Genetics. 49 (12): 1693–1704. doi:10.1038/ng.3990. PMC 5709185. PMID 29106415.
  54. ^ T. P. Slavin; K. C. Banks; D. Chudova; G. R. Oxnard; J. I. Odegaard; R. J. Nagy; K. W. K. Tsang; S. L. Neuhausen; S. W. Gray; M. Cristofanilli; A. A. Rodriguez; A. Bardia; B. Leyland-Jones; M. F. Janicek; M. Lilly; G. Sonpavde; C. E. Lee; R. B. Lanman; F. Meric-Bernstam; R. Kurzrock; J. N. Weitzel (December 10, 2018). "Identification of Incidental Germline Mutations in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Who Underwent Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 36 (35): 3459–3465. doi:10.1200/JCO.18.00328. PMC 6286162. PMID 30339520.
  55. ^ Carolyn Barnes (December 23, 1998). "Family frolic". Los Altos Town Crier. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
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