View source for Roger Maris

{{short description|American baseball player (1934–1985)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
|name=Roger Maris
|image=Roger Maris 1960.png
|caption=Maris in 1960
|position=[[Right fielder]]
|bats=Left
|throws=Right
|birth_date={{Birth date|1934|9|10}}
|birth_place=[[Hibbing, Minnesota]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1985|12|14|1934|9|10}}
|death_place=[[Houston, Texas]], U.S.
|debutleague = MLB
|debutdate=April 16
|debutyear=1957
|debutteam=Cleveland Indians
|finalleague = MLB
|finaldate=September 29
|finalyear=1968
|finalteam=St. Louis Cardinals
|statleague = MLB
|stat1label=[[Batting average (baseball)|Batting average]]
|stat1value=.260
|stat2label=[[Home run]]s
|stat2value=275
|stat3label=[[Run batted in|Runs batted in]]
|stat3value=850
|teams=
* [[Cleveland Guardians|Cleveland Indians]] ({{Baseball year|1957}}–{{Baseball year|1958}})
* [[Kansas City Athletics]] ({{Baseball year|1958}}–{{Baseball year|1959}})
* [[New York Yankees]] ({{Baseball year|1960}}–{{Baseball year|1966}})
* [[St. Louis Cardinals]] ({{Baseball year|1967}}–{{Baseball year|1968}})
|highlights=
* 7× [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] ([[1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)|1959²]]–[[1962 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)|1962²]])
* 3× [[World Series]] champion ({{wsy|1961}}, {{wsy|1962}}, {{wsy|1967}})
* 2× [[AL MVP]] (1960, 1961)
* [[Rawlings Gold Glove Award|Gold Glove Award]] (1960)
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders|AL home run leader]] (1961)
* 2× [[List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders|AL RBI leader]] (1960, 1961)
* [[New York Yankees#Retired numbers|New York Yankees No. 9]] retired
* [[Monument Park (Yankee Stadium)|Monument Park]] honoree
}}
'''Roger Eugene Maris''' (born '''Maras'''; September 10, 1934 – December 14, 1985) was an American professional [[baseball]] [[right field]]er who played 12 seasons in [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB). He is best known for setting a new [[List of Major League Baseball progressive single-season home run leaders|MLB single-season home run record]] with 61 [[home run]]s in 1961. 

Maris played in the [[Minor League Baseball|minor leagues]] from 1953 to 1956, and made his major league debut for the [[Cleveland Guardians|Cleveland Indians]] in 1957. He was traded to the [[Kansas City Athletics]] during the 1958 season, and to the [[New York Yankees]] after the 1959 season. Maris finished his playing career as a member of the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] in 1967 and 1968. Maris was an AL [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] from 1959 through 1962,{{efn|Major League Baseball held two All-Star Games for the years from 1959 to 1962.<ref name=nyt_sandomir>{{cite news |author=Sandomir, Richard |date=July 15, 2008 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/15/sports/baseball/15sandomir.html?ref=sports |title=When Midsummer Had Two Classics}}</ref>}} the AL [[Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award|Most Valuable Player]] in 1960 and 1961, and an AL [[Rawlings Gold Glove Award|Gold Glove Award]] winner in 1960. Maris appeared in seven [[World Series]]; he played for Yankees teams that won the World Series in [[1961 World Series|1961]] and [[1962 World Series|1962]] and for a Cardinals team that won the World Series in [[1967 World Series|1967]].

Maris's home run record was controversial, as the previous single-season home run record (60, set by [[Babe Ruth]] in 1927) was set during a period when MLB teams played 154 games per season. Maris broke Ruth's record in the year the AL baseball season was extended to 162 games, hitting his 61st home run in the last game of the season, which led to questions about the legitimacy of his record.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-10-05-8603150575-story.html|title=IT'S BEEN 25 YEARS SINCE NO. 61, BUT MARIS REMAINS BITTER MEMORY|first=Bill Modoono, Scripps Howard News|last=Service|website=chicagotribune.com|date=October 5, 1986 }}</ref> Maris' major league record remained unbroken until [[Mark McGwire]] surpassed it in 1998; his AL record stood until 2022, when [[Aaron Judge]] hit 62 home runs for the New York Yankees.

==Early life==
Roger Eugene Maris was born on September 10, 1934, in [[Hibbing, Minnesota]]; in 1955, his father changed the surname from Maras to Maris.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://travel-watch.com/honestmaris.htm|work=travel-watch.com|title=How Much Better and More Honest Roger Maris Seems Today|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806082709/http://www.travel-watch.com/honestmaris.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.famously-dead.com/sports/roger-maris.html|title=Roger Maris|website=famously-dead.com}}</ref> Roger's parents, Rudolph S. "Rudy" Maras and Ann Corrine "Connie" (née Perkovich) were born in Minnesota, and were of [[Croats|Croatian]] heritage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2006/0410/033.html| work=Forbes.com|title=Roger Maris Belongs in the Hall| date=April 10, 2006|first=Rich|last=Karlgaard}}</ref><ref name="auto2">[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2004/09/22/Roger-Mariss-mother-dead-at-90/UPI-37211095881218/ Roger Maris's mother dead at 90], UPI.com; accessed August 12, 2016.</ref><ref name="sabr.org">{{cite web|url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bf4690e9|title=Roger Maris - Society for American Baseball Research|website=sabr.org}}</ref>

Maris' brother Rudolph, who was a year older, developed [[polio]] at age 18 in 1951.<ref>[http://bismarcktribune.com/news/local/a-state-son-worth-remembering/article_988c676d-da19-5fd9-9d80-70aad52a3a58.html State son worth remembering], ''The Bismarck Tribune'', October 15, 2005; retrieved November 23, 2014.</ref> It was Maris' brother Rudolph who began his baseball career. Maris recalls his brother forcing him to play the sport, saying that he physically would drag him out by his ear to play the game that he hated desperately. While he loved taking breaks from his schoolwork and spending time outdoors, he could not stand baseball. By the time he was playing baseball in high school, he no longer had to be forced to play and enjoyed the game.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clavin |first1=Tom |last2=Peary |first2=Danny |title=Roger Maris: Baseball's Reluctant Hero |date=2010 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4165-8928-0 |page=31 |edition=1st Edition Touchstone Hardcover}}</ref> Maris' parents had a turbulent marriage and divorced in 1960. The Maris family moved to [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]], in 1938, and to [[Fargo, North Dakota]], in 1946.<ref name="sabr.org"/> Maris entered [[Central High School (Fargo, North Dakota)|Fargo Central High School]] in 1948. In 1950, Maris, a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], transferred to [[Shanley High School|Bishop Shanley High School]] in Fargo, and graduated from there in June 1952. Maris played both baseball and football for the Shanley Deacons. In [[American football|football]], Maris set a national high school record, which still stands, for most return [[touchdown]]s in a game, with four (two kickoff returns, one punt return, and one interception return). In that 1951 game, he also scored a fifth touchdown on a 32-yard run from scrimmage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://recruiting.scout.com/2/64259.html|title=Tales from the Record Book|access-date=September 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918200116/http://recruiting.scout.com/2/64259.html|archive-date=September 18, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> He met his future wife, Patricia, in the tenth grade at a high school basketball game.<ref>Mickey Mantle America's Prodigal son by Tony Castro</ref>

==Minor league baseball career==
Maris began play for the Indians' [[minor league]] organization at Fargo (the Fargo-Moorhead Twins) in 1953. He was named rookie of the year in the Northern League, then moved on to [[Keokuk, Iowa]], the next season. In four minor league seasons from 1953 to 1956, Maris [[Batting average (baseball)|hit .303]] with 78 home runs. In game two of the 1956 [[Junior World Series]], Maris, playing for the [[Indianapolis Indians]] of the [[American Association (20th century)|American Association]] ([[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A league]]), set a record by driving in seven runs.<ref name="RogerMaris"/> With all five teams for which Maris played in the minors, the clubs' win-loss records improved from the prior season.<ref name="RogerMaris"/>

==Major league baseball career==
[[File:Roger Maris Indians.png|thumb|160px|right|Maris with the [[Cleveland Indians]] in 1957]]

===Cleveland Indians (1957–1958)===
Maris made his major league debut on April 16, 1957, with the [[Cleveland Guardians|Cleveland Indians]]. Two days later, he hit the first home run of his career, a [[grand slam (baseball)|grand slam]] off [[Detroit Tigers|Tigers]] pitcher [[Jack Crimian]] at [[Briggs Stadium]] in [[Detroit]].<ref name="RogerMaris">{{cite book|title=Roger Maris: Baseball's Reluctant Hero|first1=Tom|last1=Clavin|first2=Danny|last2=Peary|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4165-8928-0}}</ref> He finished his rookie season with 14 home runs. On June 15, 1958, after playing in 51 games and hitting nine home runs for the Indians, he was traded to the [[Kansas City Athletics]] with [[Dick Tomanek]] and [[Preston Ward]] for [[Vic Power]] and [[Woodie Held]].<ref name="baseball-reference.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marisro01.shtml|title=Roger Maris Stats|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>

===Kansas City Athletics (1958–1959)===
Maris played in 99 games and hit 19 home runs for Kansas City in 1958. In 1959, he played in 122 games and hit 16 home runs; he missed 45 games during the second half of the season as a result of an [[Vermiform appendix|appendix]] operation. He was selected to play in the second of two [[1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)|All-Star Games]] held that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/leagues-split-two-all-star-games-in-1959/c-163719750|title=Leagues split two All-Star Games in 1959|website=MLB.com}}</ref><ref name=nyt_sandomir/> In the late 1950s, Kansas City frequently traded their best young players to the [[New York Yankees]]—a practice which led them to be referred to as the Yankees' "major league [[farm team]]"<ref>Jeff Katz,''The Kansas City A's and the Wrong Half of the Yankees: How the Yankees Controlled Two of the Eight American League Franchises During the 1950s'', Maple Street Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-9777436-5-9}}</ref>—and Maris was no exception. In a seven-player deal in December 1959, he was sent to the Yankees with [[Kent Hadley]] and [[Joe DeMaestri]] in exchange for [[Marv Throneberry]], [[Norm Siebern]], [[Hank Bauer]], and [[Don Larsen]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XAkrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wpkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6634,5384511&dq=roger-maris&hl=en ''Reading Eagle''] via Google News Archive Search</ref>

===New York Yankees (1960–1966)===
In 1960, Maris hit a single, double, and two home runs in his first game as a Yankee. He was named to the AL All-Star roster again and played in both games. He finished the season leading the AL in [[slugging percentage]] (.581), [[run batted in|runs batted in]] (112), and [[extra base hit]]s (64). He also hit 39 home runs and had a .283 [[Batting average (baseball)|batting average]].<ref name="baseball-reference.com"/> He won the [[American League]]'s [[Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award|Most Valuable Player]] award and was recognized as an outstanding defensive outfielder with a [[Gold Glove Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Andrew |title=The unique career of Roger Maris |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/roger-maris-stats-and-facts |website=MLB.com |access-date=March 9, 2024}}</ref> The Yankees won the American League pennant, the first of five consecutive pennants, but lost a seven-game [[1960 World Series|World Series]] to the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] culminating in [[Bill Mazeroski]]'s dramatic [[walk-off home run]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1960 World Series recap |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/1960-world-series-recap |website=MLB.com |access-date=March 9, 2024}}</ref>

====1961====
{{Main|1961 Major League Baseball season|1961 New York Yankees season}}
[[File:Fourbats.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Left to right: Babe Ruth's 60th home run bat (1927), Roger Maris's 61st home run bat (1961), and Mark McGwire's and Sammy Sosa's 70th and 66th home run bats (1998)]]
In 1961, the AL expanded from eight to ten teams. In the [[1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft|expansion draft]], the newly created [[Los Angeles Angels]] and [[Washington Senators (1961–71)|Washington Senators]]{{efn|The Washington Senators that took the field in 1961 were an expansion team, having replaced the original Senators franchise that had re-located to Minnesota and become the [[Minnesota Twins]].}} were restricted to drafting players from AL rosters. The perceived result was that American League team rosters had become watered down, as players who would otherwise have been playing at AAA, if not lower, were now in the AL. In order to maintain a balanced schedule, AL owners extended the season from 154 games to 162 games in 1961. (The [[National League (baseball)|National League]] expanded its season to 162 games in 1962.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2015/11/11/cutting-back-to-154-games-a-season-not-likely-halem-says/75614018/|title=Cutting back to 154 games a season not likely, Halem says|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> On January 23, 1961, an [[Associated Press]] reporter asked Maris whether the schedule changes might threaten [[Babe Ruth]]'s single-season home run record; Maris replied, "Nobody will touch it&nbsp;... Look up the records and you'll see that it's a rare year when anybody hits 50 homers, let alone 60."<ref>{{cite news |title=Babe Ruth's Record Safe, Roger Maris Feels |work=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle |issue=24, Volume 129 |date=January 24, 1961 |page=26}}</ref>

[[File:M&M Boys 1961.png|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Maris (left) with [[Mickey Mantle]] in 1961]]
Yankee home runs began to come at a record pace. One famous photograph lined up six 1961 Yankees, including Mantle, Maris, [[Yogi Berra]] and [[Bill Skowron]], under the nickname "[[Murderers Row]]", because they hit a combined 165 home runs the previous season (the title "Murderers Row", originally coined in 1918, had most famously been used to refer to the [[1927 New York Yankees season|1927 Yankees]]). As mid-season approached, it seemed quite possible that either Maris or Mantle, or perhaps both, would break Ruth's 34-year-old home run record. Sportswriters began to play the "[[M&M Boys]]" against each other, inventing a rivalry where none existed; in fact, the two men were friends and roommates.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beschloss |first1=Michael |title=The M&M Boys: A Profile in Civility |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/23/upshot/the-mm-boys-a-profile-in-civility.html |access-date=March 9, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 22, 2015 |page=6, Section SP}}</ref>  Mantle, however, was felled by a hip infection causing hospitalization late in the season, leaving Maris as the single remaining player with the opportunity to break Ruth's home run record.<ref name="auto1"/> In the middle of the season, baseball commissioner [[Ford Frick]] (a friend of Ruth) announced at a press conference that unless Ruth's record was broken in the first 154 games of the season, the new record should be shown separately in the "record books", with some "distinctive mark"<ref name=Salon>{{cite web|last1=Barra|first1=Allen|title=The myth of Maris' asterisk|url=http://www.salon.com/2001/10/03/asterisk/|work=[[Salon.com]]|access-date=November 15, 2014|date=October 3, 2001}}</ref> next to it indicating it had been done in a 162-game season. The [[asterisk]] as such a mark was immediately suggested by [[New York Daily News]] sportswriter [[Dick Young (sportswriter)|Dick Young]].<ref name=Salon/> In spite of its formality, Frick's so-called ruling was merely a suggestion: Major League Baseball had no direct control over any record books until many years later.<ref name=Salon/> As he closed in on Ruth's record, Maris received death threats and [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] detective Kieran Burke was assigned to watch over him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-retired-cop-kieran-burke-obituary-20200326-ew7hnwrvmrdalahbbp2fnuscdy-story.html|title=Kieran Burke, retired NYPD detective and son of slain cop, dies at 94|first=Thomas|last=Tracy|website=nydailynews.com|date=March 26, 2020 }}</ref>

Maris had 59 home runs after the Yankees' 154th game and therefore failed to beat Ruth's 60 home runs within the original season length. Maris hit his 61st home run on October 1, 1961, in the fourth inning of the last game of the season, at [[Yankee Stadium (1923–2008)|Yankee Stadium]] in front of 23,154 fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/NYA/NYA196110010.shtml|title=October 1, 1961 Boston Red Sox at New York Yankees Box Score and Play by Play|publisher=[[Baseball-Reference|Sports Reference, LLC]] via [[Retrosheet]]|access-date=November 2, 2008}}</ref> [[Boston Red Sox]] pitcher [[Tracy Stallard]] gave up the record home run, which was caught by fan Sal Durante in the right field bleachers. Maris was awarded the 1961 [[Hickok Belt]] as the top professional athlete of the year<ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite web|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/07/roger-maris-new-york-yankees-hickok-belt-stolen-north-dakota-fargo-mlb|title=North Dakota bandit steals a $140,000 belt once awarded to Roger Maris|date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> and won the American League's MVP Award for the second straight year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-mvp-closest-votes-in-history|title=Remember the year the MVP vote was tied?|website=[[MLB.com]]|date=May 23, 2020}}</ref> It is said, however, that the stress of pursuing the record was so great for Maris that his hair occasionally fell out in clumps during the season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vecsey |first1=George |title=Roger Maris: No Asterisk |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/16/sports/roger-maris-no-asterisk.html |publisher=[[New York Times]] |access-date=March 9, 2024 |date=December 16, 1985}}</ref> Within a few years the asterisk controversy died down and all prominent baseball record keepers listed Maris as the single-season record holder.<ref name=Salon/> Incidentally, it was later found that the Yankees stole signs from the bench that year, specifically having the help of pitcher [[Bob Turley]] and his distinct whistle; [[Tony Kubek]] noted that the stealing was so good that Turley wasn't allowed off the bench even when he got hurt, and he estimated that [[Mickey Mantle]] hit 50 home runs due to Turley. When Maris went up to the plate for that famous home run, Maris heard the sign relayed to him and hit it out for a home run (coincidentally, the third base coach of the Yankees in [[Frank Crosetti]] was a teammate of Ruth).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-03-13-sp-1661-story.html | title=A Disabled Turley Still Valuable Asset | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=March 13, 1988 }}</ref>

====1962–1966====
[[File:Maris Kennedy.gif|thumb|235px|right|Maris signs a baseball for President [[John F. Kennedy]] in the 1962 season]]
In 1962, Maris made his fourth consecutive All-Star team appearance<ref>Sportsdata: Midsummer Classics: Celebrating MLB's All-Star Game, 1959–1962, "all players who were named to the AL or NL roster were credited with one appearance per season."[http://www.sportsdatallc.com/2012/07/09/midsummer-classics-celebrating-mlbs-all-star-game] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330031638/http://www.sportsdatallc.com/2012/07/09/midsummer-classics-celebrating-mlbs-all-star-game/|date=March 30, 2015}}</ref> and his seventh and final [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star game]] appearance. He made a game-saving play in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 7 of the [[1962 World Series]] against the [[San Francisco Giants]]. With the Yankees leading 1–0 and [[Matty Alou]] on first, [[Willie Mays]] doubled toward the right-field line. Maris cut off the ball and made a strong throw to prevent Alou from scoring the tying run; the play set up [[Willie McCovey]]'s series-ending line drive to second baseman [[Bobby Richardson]], capping what would prove to be the final World Series title for the Yankees until 1977.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Durso |first1=Joe |title=YANKEES TAKE SERIES; JACKSON EQUALS MARK OF 3 HOMERS IN GAME |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/19/archives/yankees-take-series-jackson-equals-mark-of-3-homers-in-game-slugger.html |publisher=[[New York Times]] |access-date=March 9, 2024 |date=October 19, 1977}}</ref>

In 1963, Maris played in only 90 games, hitting 23 home runs. Maris was injured in game two of the [[1963 World Series]],<ref>{{cite web |title=1963 World Series |url=https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1963ws.shtml |website=Baseball Almanac}}</ref> in which the Yankees were swept by the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] in four games.

In 1964, he rebounded, appearing in 141 games, batting .281 with 26 home runs. Maris hit a home run in Game 6 of the [[1964 World Series]], in which the Yankees lost to the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] in seven games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/gl.cgi?id=marisro01&t=b&post=1|title=Roger Maris Postseason Batting Gamelogs – Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref> In 1965, his physical problems returned, and he had off-season surgery to remove a bone chip in his hand. In 1966, the Yankees' and Maris's fortunes continued to decline as he played most of the season with a misdiagnosed broken bone in his hand. On December 8, 1966, he was traded to the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] for [[Charley Smith]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19661207&id=QBAiAAAAIBAJ&pg=799,1600493|title=The Day - Google News Archive Search|website=news.Google.com|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref>

===St. Louis Cardinals (1967–1968)===
Maris played his final two seasons with the Cardinals, helping the team to win the 1967 and 1968 pennants and the [[1967 World Series]]. In the 1967 World Series, he hit .385, with a home run and seven RBI. It was the best World Series performance of Maris' career.<ref name="maris almanac ws stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/playerpost.php?p=marisro01&ps=ws|title=Roger Maris World Series Stats|date=2020|publisher=[[Baseball Almanac]]|work=baseball-almanac.com|access-date=February 14, 2020}}</ref>

==Media appearances==
Maris and Mantle starred in a 1962 film, ''[[Safe at Home!]]'', playing themselves.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/481899212.html?dids=481899212:481899212&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+29%2C+1962&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Mantle+and+Maris+Bat+Out+a+Movie&pqatl=google | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104111145/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/481899212.html?dids=481899212:481899212&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+29,+1962&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Mantle+and+Maris+Bat+Out+a+Movie&pqatl=google | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 4, 2013 | first=Leslie | last=Lieber | title=Mantle and Maris Bat Out a Movie | date=April 29, 1962}}</ref> That year, Maris, Mantle, and Yankee teammate [[Yogi Berra]] also made appearances in the film ''[[That Touch of Mink]]'', starring [[Cary Grant]] and [[Doris Day]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt0056575/|title=That Touch of Mink - Production & Contact Info &#124; IMDbPro|website=pro.imdb.com}}</ref>

In 1980, Maris, Mantle, [[Whitey Ford]], [[Elston Howard]], and other former Yankee players made appearances in the film ''[[It's My Turn (film)|It's My Turn]]'', starring [[Michael Douglas]] and [[Jill Clayburgh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt0080936/|title=It's My Turn - Cast &#124; IMDbPro|website=pro.imdb.com}}</ref>

Maris' wife, Pat, appeared as herself on October 2, 1961, episode of the game show ''[[To Tell the Truth]]''. She received three of the four possible votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=To Tell the Truth - Roger Maris's wife; PANEL: Dina Merrill, Johnny Carson (Oct 2, 1961) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_jqSM4ccH4  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/b_jqSM4ccH4| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|website=You Tube |access-date=October 3, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Later years and death==
In the 1970s and 1980s, Maris and his brother owned and operated Maris Distributing, the [[Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch)|Budweiser]] beer distributorship in [[Gainesville, Florida]] (and [[Ocala, Florida]]), where he moved after retiring from baseball after the 1968 season. [[Gussie Busch]], who owned the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] and [[Anheuser-Busch]], got Maris started in the beer business. Maris also coached baseball at Gainesville's [[Oak Hall High School]], which named its baseball field after him in 1990.<ref name="maris house">{{cite web|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2007-06-11-maris11-story,amp.html|title=House That Maris Built stands tall|date=June 11, 2007|last=Adelson|first=Andrea|publisher=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|work=orlandosentinel.com|access-date=February 14, 2020}}</ref>

In 1978, Maris returned to Yankee Stadium on [[Old Timers Day]], ending a decade-long boycott from the Yankees. He was introduced by Mantle and got a standing ovation from the crowd.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Durso |first1=Joseph |title=Maris Returns and Finally Hears Cheers at the Stadium |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/14/archives/maris-returns-and-finally-hears-cheers-at-the-stadium-jac |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 14, 1978}}</ref>

Maris was diagnosed with [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] in 1983. In response, Maris organized the annual Roger Maris Celebrity Golf Tournament to raise money for cancer research and treatment. He died of the disease at age 51 on December 14, 1985, at [[MD Anderson Cancer Center|M.D. Anderson Hospital]] in [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] and was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in [[Fargo, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Berkow |first=Ira |title=SPORTS OF THE TIMES; Roger Maris Comes Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/20/sports/sports-of-the-times-roger-maris-comes-home.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 1985 |access-date=March 9, 2024}}</ref>

== Hall of Fame candidacy ==
Maris was considered for election to the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|National Baseball Hall of Fame]] via voting of the [[Baseball Writers' Association of America]] (BWAA) from 1974 to 1988.<ref name="Roger Maris at Baseball Reference"/> Maris has not been elected to the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsday.com/sports/columnists/mark-herrmann/herrmann-55-years-later-roger-maris-family-gets-redemption-1.12393876|title=Herrmann: Maris family gets redemption|website=Newsday}}</ref>

In 1977, sportswriter Greg Hansen criticized baseball writers in the [[Evening Independent|''St. Petersburg Independent'']] for excluding Maris from the Hall of Fame after Maris received only 72 votes in that year's voting. Hansen noted that there were many outfielders in the Hall of Fame who had never won two MVP awards, and that no one else had ever hit 61 home runs in a season. "To show you what an injustice this is to the man, Maris finished just a notch ahead of ''[[Harvey Kuenn]]'', for crying out loud."<ref name=Hansen/> Hansen wrote that Maris had resented the media's intrusion on his privacy; he said that Maris's tense relationship with the media had affected the voting.<ref name=Hansen>{{cite news|last1=Hansen|first1=Greg|title=Roger Maris|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19770201&id=6eQLAAAAIBAJ&pg=6618,125414|access-date=December 3, 2014|work=[[Evening Independent]]|date=February 1, 1977}}</ref> Hansen also wrote that Maris had told him after the voting that he knew he would never get inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame: "I'll leave the Hall of Fame to the geniuses that vote on it. I will never get in. I have always known that. I will not argue with you about why or why not I should be elected."<ref name=Hansen/>

In 2010, the Baseball Hall of Fame established a [[Golden Era Committee]] (replacing the [[Veterans Committee]]) to vote on the possible Hall of Fame induction of previously overlooked players along with retired umpires, managers and executives who made the greatest contributions to baseball between 1947 and 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/rules/eras-committees|title=Era Committees, Era Committee Rules of Election|work=baseballhall.org|publisher=[[Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum]]|access-date=July 17, 2021}}</ref>
Beginning in December 2011, this committee voted every three years on ten candidates from the era selected by the [[Baseball Writers' Association of America]]'s (BBWAA) Historical Overview Committee. Maris did not appear on the first Golden Era Committee ballot in 2011 or on the second one in 2014 (one former player was voted to the Hall of Fame in 2011 and no one was voted in by the committee in 2014).<ref name=GEC>{{cite web|title=Golden Era Committee candidates announced|url=http://baseballhall.org/hall-of-fame/2015-golden-era-committee-ballot|publisher=[[Baseball Hall of Fame]]|access-date=December 3, 2014|archive-date=November 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105091614/http://baseballhall.org/hall-of-fame/2015-golden-era-committee-ballot|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Ballot2011>{{cite web|last1=Bloom|first1=Barry|title=Santo, Hodges among 10 on Golden Era ballot|url=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/25882756/|work=[[MLB.com]]|access-date=December 3, 2014|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222205742/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/25882756|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In August 2011, [[George Vecsey]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' called Maris "a terrific player for a few brief years".<ref name=Vecsey>{{cite news|last1=Vecsey|first1=George|title=50 years later, Maris's 61-homer season looks even better|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/sports/baseball/for-50th-anniversary-of-mariss-61-no-asterisk-is-required.html?_r=3&ref=georgevecsey|access-date=December 3, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 20, 2011}}</ref> Vecsey wrote that while Maris had two seasons where he played at Hall of Fame caliber, and while Maris played in an era that was not influenced by performance-enhancing substances, he did not believe that Maris's career statistics were worthy of induction.<ref name=Vecsey/>

=== Golden Days Committee ===
In July 2016, four new committees were established.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/rules/eras-committees|title=Eras Committees|website=Baseball Hall of Fame}}</ref> The Golden Days Era Committee (1950–1969) was scheduled to meet and vote for the first time in December 2020 for the 2021 Hall of Fame induction.<ref name="hallofstats.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hallofstats.com/upcoming|title=Hall of Stats: Upcoming Elections|website=www.hallofstats.com}}</ref> Maris is the 24th former player on the Hall of Fame rated list of 85 eligible candidates for the Golden Days Committee Ballot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hallofstats.com/player/marisro01|title=Hall of Stats: Roger Maris|website=www.hallofstats.com}}</ref><ref name="hallofstats.com"/> In August 2020, the Hall of Fame rescheduled The Golden Days Committee winter meeting in 2020 to December 2021 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="hallofstats.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/hall-of-fame-era-committee-elections-rescheduled-to-2021|date=August 24, 2020|last=Kelly|first=Matt|title=Era Committee elections rescheduled to 2021|work=mlb.com|publisher=Major League Baseball|access-date=July 17, 2021}}</ref> The committee's ballot consists of ten candidates compiled by the BBWAA's Historical Overview Committee. Maris was named one of the ten finalists,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://baseballhall.org/discover/golden-days-era-ballot-2022|title=2022 Golden Days Era Ballot|work=/baseballhall.org|publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame|access-date=February 10, 2022}}</ref> but ultimately was not part of the chosen class, which consisted of [[Minnie Miñoso]], [[Tony Oliva]], [[Jim Kaat]], and [[Gil Hodges]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/hof_2022.shtml|title=2022 Hall of Fame Voting|work=/baseball-reference.com|publisher=Baseball Reference|access-date=February 10, 2022}}</ref>

==Legacy==
{{MLBBioRet
|Image = RogerMaris9.jpg
|Name = Roger Maris
|Number = 9
|Team = New York Yankees
|Year = 1984
|}}
Speaking at the [[1980 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|1980 All-Star Game]], Maris said, "They acted as though I was doing something wrong, poisoning the record books or something. Do you know what I have to show for 61 home runs? Nothing. Exactly nothing."<ref name="nydailynews-2022-09-13">{{cite news |last1=Frimpong |first1=Fiifi |title=Aaron Judge hits home runs 56 and 57 in Yankees' 7-6 win over Red Sox, moves closer to Roger Maris' all-time team mark |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/yankees/ny-judge-home-run-record-roger-maris-20220914-u27y4iif6fauvkoretmgvshm4q-story.html |access-date=September 25, 2022 |work=New York Daily News |date=September 13, 2022}}</ref> Ford Frick, baseball's commissioner in 1961, had stated that the single-season home-run total had to be achieved in 156 games in order to be an official record.<ref name=Salon/> Despite this, there was no separate designation of the record, and it was affirmed by two different committees, in 1968 and 1991.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chass |first1=Murray |title=BASEBALL; Maris's Feat Finally Recognized 30 Years After Hitting 61 Homers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/05/sports/baseball-maris-s-feat-finally-recognized-30-years-after-hitting-61-homers.html |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 9, 2024 |pages=12, Section B |date=September 5, 1991}}</ref> 

Maris's single-season MLB home run record was broken by [[Mark McGwire]], who hit 70 in 1998.<ref name="usatoday.com"/> [[Barry Bonds]] set a new MLB record with 73 home runs in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2019/01/21/barry-bonds-hall-fame-case/2635319002/|title=Hall of Fame countdown: Barry Bonds will have to keep waiting for Hall of Fame entry|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> Maris's home run mark was also surpassed by McGwire in 1999 (with 65) and by Sammy Sosa (with 66 in 1998, 63 in 1999, and 64 in 2001).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/leaderboarding-the-historic-home-run-prowess-of-mark-mcgwire/|title=Leaderboarding: The historic home run prowess of Mark McGwire|website=CBSSports.com|date=December 31, 2014 }}</ref> McGwire, Sosa, and Bonds have all been linked to performance-enhancing drugs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2018/04/09/mark-mcgwire-says-he-would-have-hit-70-home-runs-without-peds/ |title=Mark McGwire says he would have hit 70 home runs without PEDs |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=April 9, 2018 |accessdate=November 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/sports/kroichick/article/Book-traces-Bonds-steroids-use-to-McGwire-Sosa-2540030.php|title=Book traces Bonds' steroids use to McGwire-Sosa HR race|first=Ron|last=Kroichick|date=March 7, 2006|website=SFGate}}</ref> Maris remained the AL record-holder for most home runs in a season until Aaron Judge hit his 62nd home run on October 4, 2022, in the Yankees' 161st game of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/on-this-date-in-baseball-history-roger-maris-hits-record-61st-home-run-in-1961/|title=On this date in baseball history: Roger Maris hits record 61st home run in 1961|website=CBSSports.com|date=October 2016 }}</ref>

In 1964, Maris received North Dakota's [[Roughrider Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/past-nd-rough-rider-award-winners|title=Past N.D. Rough Rider Award winners|last=news@grandforksherald. com September 16, 2011 - 12am|website=Grand Forks Herald|date=September 16, 2011}}</ref>

In 1977, Maris was inducted into the North Dakota American Legion Baseball Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndlegion.org?page_id=2407|title=The American Legion Department of North Dakota, Baseball Hall of Fame, Roger Maris|website=NDLegion.org|access-date=May 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906031002/http://www.ndlegion.org/?page_id=2407|archive-date=September 6, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A Roger Eugene Maris plaque dedication and No. 9 retirement ceremony in [[Monument Park (Yankee Stadium)|Monument Park]] at [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] was held on July 22, 1984 ([[Old-Timers' Day]]). The inscribed plaque, subtitled "Against All Odds", calls Maris "A great player and author of one of the most remarkable chapters in the history of major league baseball." Maris participated in the ceremony, wearing a Yankee #9 uniform. [[Elston Howard]] (No. 32), a teammate of Maris, was honored along with Maris.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=clNaAAAAIBAJ&pg=4719,2581429|title=The Man Who Beat The Babe|newspaper=Waycross Journal-Herald|page=6|date=July 24, 1984|access-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref>

[[File:2010.05.22 marismuseum.JPG|thumb|right|The Roger Maris Museum in [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]]]]
[[The Roger Maris Museum]], which opened in 1984 at the [[West Acres Shopping Center]] in Fargo,<ref>{{cite web |title=Roger Maris Museum |url=https://westacres.com/attractions/roger-maris-museum/ |website=West Acres |access-date=March 9, 2024}}</ref> and the Roger Maris Cancer Center, which opened in 1990 at Sanford Hospital in Fargo,<ref name="sanford">{{cite web |title=About Roger Maris |url=https://www.sanfordhealth.org/roger-maris-week/about-roger-maris |website=[[Sanford Health]] |access-date=March 9, 2024}}</ref> are both named after Maris.

The [[United States Postal Service]] issued a "Roger Maris, 61 in 61" commemorative stamp on September 17, 1999, as part of the [[Celebrate the Century]] series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usstampgallery.com/view.php?id=bbb707b736e6ae1c011e7a4b214e709ead2111b8|title=US Stamp Gallery >> Roger Maris 61 in '61|website=usstampgallery.com}}</ref> This places him in rarer company than even being elected to the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|National Baseball Hall of Fame]], as only 30 baseball players have been given their own commemorative [[Postage stamps and postal history of the United States|U.S. postage stamp]] as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neyer |first=Rob |date=2021-07-02 |title=With Baseball Stamps, It Ain't Over Until the Rights Issues Clear |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/02/sports/baseball/yogi-berra-stamp.html |access-date=2022-04-15 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
[[File:Legitimate Home Run King.gif|thumb|Roger Maris billboard in Fargo]]

Actor [[Barry Pepper]] portrayed Maris in the 2001 [[HBO Films|HBO]] film ''[[61*]]'', directed by [[Billy Crystal]].<ref>{{IMDb title|id=0250934|title=61*}}</ref>

In 2005, in light of accusations of steroid use against the three players who had, by then, hit more than 61 home runs in a season (McGwire, Sosa and Bonds), the North Dakota Senate wrote to Major League Baseball to express the opinion that Roger Maris's 61 home runs should be recognized as the single-season record.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/7327729/|title=North Dakota Senate backs Maris resolution|date=April 4, 2005|agency=Associated Press|work=[[NBC Sports]]|access-date=February 18, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307172707/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/7327729/|archive-date=March 7, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Maris was inducted into the [[Baseball Reliquary]]'s [[Baseball Reliquary#Shrine of the Eternals|Shrine of the Eternals]] in 2009.<ref name="BRSOTE Inductees">[http://www.baseballreliquary.org/awards/shrine-of-the-eternals/shrine-of-the-eternals-electees "Shrine of the Eternals – Inductees"]. Baseball Reliquary. Retrieved August 14, 2019.</ref>

As of 2010, Newman Signs Inc., which holds the naming rights to [[Newman Outdoor Field]] in Fargo, continued to use billboard signage to declare Maris as the "Legitimate Home Run King".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/83542827.html?elr=KArks:DCiUo3PD:3D_V_qD3L:c7cQKUiD3aPc:_Yyc:aUU|title=Billboards tout the 61 in '61 clubbed by Maris, "Fargo's golden boy"|date=February 5, 2010|author=Bob Von Sternberg|work=Star Tribune|access-date=June 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211190710/http://www.startribune.com/local/83542827.html?elr=KArks:DCiUo3PD:3D_V_qD3L:c7cQKUiD3aPc:_Yyc:aUU|archive-date=February 11, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On September 24, 2011, at Yankee Stadium, the Yankees celebrated the 50th anniversary of Maris's single-season home run record.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bismarcktribune.com/sports/local/yankees-honor-maris-home-run-season/article_f8cd6146-e704-11e0-aa32-001cc4c002e0.html|title=Yankees honor Maris' 61 home run season|agency=Associated Press|website=Bismarck Tribune}}</ref>

In October 2022, he was inaugurated in the Croatian-American Sports Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/inaugural-croatian-american-sports-hall-of-fame-induction-held/ |title=Inaugural Croatian-American Sports Hall of Fame induction held |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=October 18, 2022 |website=croatianweek.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>

== MLB statistics ==
Maris's major league statistics:<ref name="Roger Maris at Baseball Reference"/>

<div>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|Years
|Games
|[[Plate appearance|PA]]
|[[At-bat|AB]]
|[[Run (baseball)|Runs]]
|[[Hit (baseball)|Hits]]
|[[double (baseball)|2B]]
|[[triple (baseball)|3B]]
|[[Home runs|HR]]
|[[Runs batted in|RBI]]
|[[Stolen base|SB]]
|[[Base on balls|BB]]
|[[Strikeout|SO]]
|[[On-base percentage|OBP]]
|[[Slugging percentage|SLG]]
|[[Batting average (baseball)|BA]]
|[[fielding percentage|Fld%]]
|-
|12
|1463
|5847
|5101
|826
|1325
|195
|42
|275
|850
|21
|652
|733
|.345
|.476
|.260
|.982
|}
</div>

== MLB awards ==
Maris's major league awards:<ref name="Roger Maris at Baseball Reference">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marisro01.shtml|title=Roger Maris stats|work=baseball-reference.com|publisher=[[Baseball Reference]]|access-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
|-
!  style="background:#ccf;"|Award / Honor
!style="background:#ccf;"|Time(s)
!style="background:#ccf;"|Date(s)
|-
|American League [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]]
|7
|1959, 1960 (2) 1961 (2) 1962 (2)
|-
|American League [[MLB Most Valuable Player award|Most Valuable Player]]
|2
|1960, 1961
|-
|American League [[Gold Glove Award]] (RF)
|1
|1960
|}

===Other awards, honors, and achievements===
[[File:Roger Maris Plaque.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Roger Maris plaque in Yankee Stadium's [[Monument Park (Yankee Stadium)|Monument Park]]]]
* [[Hickok Belt]] (1961)
* [[The Sporting News Player of the Year Award|Sporting News Player of the Year]] (1961)<ref name="bbreftsnaward">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/tsn.shtml|title=MLB The Sporting News Pitchers of the Year & The Sporting News Major League Players of the Year|date=2020|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|access-date=February 14, 2020}}</ref>
* World Series champion: 1961, 1962, 1967
* AL leader in home runs, runs scored, and total bases: 1961
* AL leader in runs batted in and extra base hits: 1960, 1961
* AL leader in slugging average: 1960
* AL leader in double plays turned as right fielder and outfielder: 1959
* AL leader in fielding average as right fielder: 1960, 1964
* NL leader in fielding average as right fielder: 1967
* New York Yankees No. 9 retired / Monument Park honoree: 1984

==See also==
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball home run records]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Pepe |first=Phil |title=1961*: The Inside Story of the Maris-Mantle Home Run Chase |year=2011 |publisher=Triumph Books |url=https://archive.org/details/1961insidestoryo0000pepe |isbn=978-1617-4950-76}}
* {{cite book |author=Schoor, Gene |title=The History of the World Series: The Complete Chronology of America's Greatest Sports Tradition |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofworld00scho |year=1990 |publisher=William Morrow and Company |isbn=0-688-07995-4}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{baseballstats|mlb=118287|espn=24644|br=m/marisro01|fangraphs=1008110|brm=maris-001rog|retro=M/Pmarir101}}
*{{Official website|http://rogermaris.com}}
*{{Sabrbio|roger-maris}}
*{{IMDb name|id=0548063|name=Roger Maris}}
*{{find a Grave|1599}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Babe Ruth]]|title=[[Major League Baseball single-season home run record#Progression|Single season home run record holder]]|years=1961–1998|after=[[Mark McGwire]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Navboxes|list1=
{{Monument Park honorees}}
{{1961 New York Yankees}}
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{{1967 St. Louis Cardinals}}
{{AL MVPs}}
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{{AL RBI champions}}
{{50 home run club|state=collapsed}}
{{Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year navbox}}
{{Hickok Belt}}
{{The Sporting News MLB Player of the Year Award}}
{{New York Yankees retired numbers}}
{{Major League Baseball on ABC}}
}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Baseball|North Dakota}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Maris, Roger}}
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