Royal Observatory of Belgium

Royal Observatory of Belgium
	Royal Observatory of Belgium logo
Organization	Royal Observatory of Belgium
Observatory code	012
Location	Uccle (Ukkel (Dutch))
Coordinates	50°47′54″N 4°21′30″E / 50.79833°N 4.35833°E
Established	1826 (Saint-Josse-ten-Noode); 1890 Uccle
Website	www.orb.be; www.ksb.be
Telescopes	Humain Radioastronomy Station; SWAP ;
	Location of Royal Observatory of Belgium
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Minor planets discovered: 13 ^[1]
see § List of discovered minor planets

The Royal Observatory of Belgium (Template:Lang-nl; Template:Lang-fr), is situated in Uccle (Ukkel in Dutch) since 1890. It was first established in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode in 1826 by William I under the impulse of Adolphe Quetelet. It was home to a 100 cm diameter aperture Zeiss reflector in the first half of the 20th century, one of the largest telescopes in the world at the time. It owns a variety of other astronomical instruments, such as astrographs, as well as a range of seismograph equipment (such as for detecting earthquakes).

The main activities are:

Reference systems and geodynamics
Astrometry and dynamics of celestial bodies
Astrophysics
Solar physics.

History

Nineteenth Century

Adolphe Quetelet first petitioned the government of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands to establish an astronomical observatory in Brussels in 1823. William I granted his request in 1826 and construction started in 1827 in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. Meteorological observations started early, but delivery and installation of astronomical equipment proceeded slowly. Quetelet was appointed astronomer in 1828.

During the Belgian Revolution fighting took place in and around the observatory. Quetelet kept his position under the new government and started scientific observations. By 1834 buildings and instruments were finally completed. Adolpe Quetelet was succeeded by his son Ernest upon his death in 1874.

In 1876 Jean-Charles Houzeau became the new director and immediately started planning a move to Uccle. He managed to obtain better funding, enlarged the scientific staff and completely renewed the instruments. The first Belgian astronomical expedition was sent to Santiago and San Antonio to observe the transit of Venus in 1882. He tried to separate the meteorological and astronomical departments, but this was refused by the government. In 1883 construction of a new observatory in Uccle started, but Houzeau's resignation in 1883 delayed the move which was only completed in 1890-1891.

Twentieth Century

Georges Lecointe was appointed as director in 1900, succeeding F. Folie and A. Lancaster. Under his leadership, seismological measurements started in 1901 and the first weather balloons were launched in 1906. Belgium participated in the Carte du Ciel and the Astrographic Catalogue; observations lasted until 1964. In 1913 the meteorological department finally became an independent entity, the Royal Meteorological Institute. After World War I the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams was located in Uccle from 1920 to 1922 while it was headed by Lecointe.

Illness forced Lecointe to resign in 1925 and he was succeeded by Paul Stroobant.^[2]

Since 1981, the Sunspot Index Data center, the World data center for the Sunspot Index is harbored at the observatory.^[3]

The asteroid 1276 Ucclia is named for City and the Observatory.

The Planetarium is located at the Heysel, in the northern region of Brussels.

King Baudouin was an amateur astronomer and took a keen interest in the Royal Observatoy. After his death a statue in honour of the king was raised outside the entrance.

List of discovered minor planets

(120140) 2003 GB₂₁	3 April 2003	list
(172419) 2003 GD₂₁	4 April 2003	list
(174625) 2003 ST₇₆	19 September 2003	list
(175069) 2004 GU₂₈	15 April 2004	list
(182910) 2002 EP₉₉	2 March 2002	list
(186664) 2003 YA₃₀	18 December 2003	list
(206440) 2003 SC₂₁₀	25 September 2003	list

Minor Planet Center as of 2016^[1]
(217332) 2004 RS₇₉	8 September 2004	list
(247727) 2003 GC₂₁	4 April 2003	list
(260089) 2004 KO₁₇	27 May 2004	list
(271133) 2003 SU₇₆	19 September 2003	list
(323074) 2002 TS₉₆	10 October 2002	list
(436000) 2009 FE₄₆	17 March 2009	list

References

^ ^a ^b "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
^ "Geschiedenis van Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België" (in Dutch). Belgian Science Policy Office. 1 February 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
^ "Solar Influences Data analysis center".

External links

Official website

[MPC-Discoverers-1] "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

[history-2] "Geschiedenis van Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België" (in Dutch). Belgian Science Policy Office. 1 February 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2013.

[3] "Solar Influences Data analysis center".

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