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SMACS 0723

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SMACS J0723.3–7327
Infrared image from the James Webb Space Telescope, its first deep field showing gravitational lensing of distant galaxies
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)Volans
Right ascension07h 23m 19.5s[1]
Declination−73° 27′ 15.6″[1]
Redshift0.390[1]
Distanceabout 4 billion light years[2]
Other designations
PSZ1 G284.97-23.69,[3]
PLCKESZ G284.99-23.70[4][5]

SMACS J0723.3–7327, commonly referred to as SMACS 0723, is a galaxy cluster about 4 billion light years from Earth,[2] within the southern constellation of Volans (RA/Dec = 110.8375, −73.4391667).[6][7][8][9] It is a patch of sky visible from the Southern Hemisphere on Earth and often observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and other telescopes in search of the deep past.[2] It was the target of the first full-color image to be unveiled by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), imaged using NIRCam, with spectra included, showing objects lensed by the cluster with redshifts implying they are 13.1 billion years old.[10] The cluster has been previously observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as part of the Southern MAssive Cluster Survey (SMACS),[11] as well as Planck[12] and Chandra.[13]

Left: image taken by HST (2017) vs Right: the image taken by JWST (2022)[14]
Deep Field – Galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327[15][16][17][18][19][20]


In 2022, in the field gravitationally lensed by SMAC 0723, some of the then most ancient massive star clusters were discovered in a lensed galaxy called the "Sparkler Galaxy".[21]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Coe, Dan; Salmon, Brett; Bradač, Maruša (October 2019). "RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey". Astrophysical Journal. 884 (1): 85. arXiv:1903.02002. Bibcode:2019ApJ...884...85C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab412b. S2CID 119041205.
  2. ^ a b c Overbye, Dennis; Chang, Kenneth; Tankersley, Jim (11 July 2022). "Biden and NASA Share First Webb Space Telescope Image". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  3. ^ "PSZ1 G284.97-23.69". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  4. ^ "PLCKESZ G284.99-23.70". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  5. ^ "SMACS J0723.3-7327". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database.
  6. ^ WRAL (10 July 2022). "SMACS J0723.3-7327". WRAL.com. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Astronomers eagerly await first images from the James Webb Space Telescope". CBS News. 11 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  8. ^ "SRELICS". irsa.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  9. ^ "RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey". archive.stsci.edu. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Webb's First Deep Field (NIRSpec MSA Emission Spectra)". WebbTelescope.org. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  11. ^ Repp, A.; Ebeling, H. (September 2018). "Science from a glimpse: Hubble SNAPshot observations of massive galaxy clusters". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479 (1): 844–864. arXiv:1706.01263. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.479..844R. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1489.
  12. ^ "PSZ1 G284.97-23.69". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  13. ^ CXC-DS (2015). "Chandra Data Archive: Search Results". Chandra X-ray Center/SAO. doi:10.25574/15296.
  14. ^ Chow, Denise; Wu, Jiachuan (12 July 2022). "Photos: How pictures from the Webb telescope compare to Hubble's - NASA's $10 billion telescope peers deeper into space than ever, revealing previously undetectable details in the cosmos". NBC News. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  15. ^ Garner, Rob (11 July 2022). "NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet". NASA. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  16. ^ Overbye, Dennis; Chang, Kenneth; Tankersley, Jim (11 July 2022). "Biden and NASA Share First Webb Space Telescope Image – From the White House on Monday, humanity got its first glimpse of what the observatory in space has been seeing: a cluster of early galaxies". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  17. ^ Pacucci, Fabio (15 July 2022). "How Taking Pictures of 'Nothing' Changed Astronomy - Deep-field images of "empty" regions of the sky from Webb and other space telescopes are revealing more of the universe than we ever thought possible". Scientific American. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  18. ^ Deliso, Meredith; Longo, Meredith; Rothenberg, Nicolas (14 July 2022). "Hubble vs. James Webb telescope images: See the difference". ABC News. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  19. ^ Kooser, Amanda (13 July 2012). "Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope Images Compared: See the Difference - The James Webb Space Telescope builds on Hubble's legacy with stunning new views of the cosmos". CNET. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  20. ^ Atkinson, Nancy (2 May 2022). "Now, We can Finally Compare Webb to Other Infrared Observatories". Universe Today. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  21. ^ Robert Lea (29 September 2022). "James Webb Space Telescope spots 'Sparkler Galaxy' that could host universe's 1st stars". SPACE.com.
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