Sámi Parliament of Norway
69°28′14.24″N 25°29′45.62″E / 69.4706222°N 25.4960056°E
Sami Parliament of Norway | |
|---|---|
| 7th Sami Parliamentary Assembly | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Leadership | |
Plenary Chair | Jørn Are Gaski, Labour since 16 October 2013 |
President of the Sami Parliament | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 39 |
 | |
Political groups | Executive council (13)
Parties supporting the executive council (9)
Opposition (17)
|
| Elections | |
| Open list proportional representation Modified Sainte-Laguë method | |
Last election | 9 September 2013 |
Next election | 2017 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Sami Parliament of Norway Building Karasjok, Norway | |
| Website | |
| www | |
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The Sami Parliament of Norway (Template:Lang-no, Template:Lang-sme, Template:Lang-smj, Template:Lang-sma, Template:Lang-sms) is the representative body for people of Sami heritage in Norway. It acts as an institution of cultural autonomy for the indigenous Sami people.
The Parliament was opened on 9 October 1989. The seat is in the village of Kárášjohka (Karasjok) in Kárášjohka Municipality in Finnmark county. It currently has 39 representatives, who are elected every four years by direct vote from 7 constituencies. The last election was in 2013. Unlike in Finland, the 7 constituencies cover all of Norway. The current president is Aili Keskitalo who represents the Norwegian Sami Association.
History
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In 1964, the Norwegian Sámi Council was established to address Sámi matters. The members of the body were appointed by state authorities. This body was replaced by the Sami Parliament.
In 1978, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate published a plan that called for the construction of a dam and hydroelectric power plant that would create an artificial lake and inundate the Sami village of Máze. This plan was met by strong opposition from the Sámi, and resulted in the Alta controversy. As a result of the controversy, the Norwegian government held meetings in 1980 and 1981 with a Sámi delegation appointed by the Norwegian Sámi Association, the Sámi Reindeer Herders’ Association of Norway and the Norwegian Sámi Council. The meetings resulted in the establishment of a committee to discuss Sámi cultural issues, and the Sámi Rights Committee addressing Sámi legal relations. The latter proposed a democratically elected body for the Sámis, resulting in the Sámi Act of 1987. In addition, the Sámi Rights Committee resulted in the 1988 amendment of the Norwegian Constitution, and the adoption of the Finnmark Act in 2005.[1]
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The Sámi Act (1987:56), stipulating the responsibilities and powers of the Norwegian Sami Parliament, was passed by the Norwegian Parliament on 12 June 1987 and took effect on 24 February 1989. The first session of the Sami Parliament was convened on 9 October 1989 and was opened by King Olav V.
Organization
The Norwegian Sámi Parliament plenary (dievasčoahkkin) has 39 representatives elected by direct vote from 7 constituencies. The plenary is the highest body in the Sami Parliament and it is sovereign in the execution of the Sami Parliaments duties within the framework of the Sámi Act. The representatives from the largest party (or from a collaboration of parties) form an executive council (Sámediggeráđi), and selects a president and vice-president. The executive council is responsible for executing the roles and responsibilities of the parliament between plenary meetings. In addition there are multiple thematic committees addressing specific cases.[2]
Presidents
- Ole Henrik Magga: 1989–93, representing Norwegian Sami Association.
- Ole Henrik Magga: 1993–97, representing Norwegian Sami Association.
- Sven-Roald Nystø: 1997–2001, representing Norwegian Sami Association.
- Sven-Roald Nystø: 2001–05, representing Norwegian Sami Association.
- Aili Keskitalo: 2005–07, representing Norwegian Sami Association.
- Egil Olli: 2007–09, representing Labour Party.
- Egil Olli: 2009–13, representing the Labour Party.
- Aili Keskitalo: 2013–, representing Norwegian Sami Association.
Location
The Sami Parliament of Norway is located in Kárášjohka (Karasjok), and the building was inaugurated on 2 November 2000. There are also offices in Guovdageaidnu (Kautokeino), Unjárga (Nesseby), Gáivuotna (Kåfjord), Divtasvuodna (Tysfjord), and Snåase (Snåsa).
The town of Kárášjohka is considered an important center of Sami culture in Norway. Approximately 80% of the town's population is Sami-speaking, and the town also hosts Sami broadcasting stations and several public and private Sami institutions such as the Sami Museum and the Sami chamber of commerce (Sami Trade and Industry).[3][4]
In 2006 about 115 people were employed.
Building
The building was designed by the architects Stein Halvorsen & Christian Sundby, who won the Norwegian government's call for projects in 1995, and inaugurated in 2005. The government called for a building such that “the Sámi Parliament appears in a dignified way” and “reflects Sámi architecture.” Hence the peaked structure of the Plenary Assembly Hall resembles the tipis the Sami used as a nomadic culture. The parliament building also houses a Sami library focussing on books in the Sami language or on Sami topics, and the Sami chamber of commerce, 'Sami Trade and Industry'.[5][6]
Responsibilities
The parliament works with political issues it considers relevant or of interest to the Sami people. The responsibilities of the Sami Parliament in Norway are: "(1) to serve as the Sámis’ elected political body to promote political initiatives and (2) to carry out the administrative tasks delegated from national authorities or by law to the Sámi Parliament.".[2]
The extent of responsibility that was assigned and transferred from the Norwegian government at the time of establishment was modest (1989). However, more responsibilities have been added including:[7]
- Management of the Sámi Development Fund, which is used for grants to Sámi organizations and Sámi duodji (1989).
- Responsibility for the development of the Sámi language in Norway, including allocation of funds to Sami language municipalities and counties (1992).
- Responsibility for Sámi culture with a Sámi culture, including a fund from the Norwegian Council for Cultural Affairs (1993).
- Protection of Sámi cultural heritage sites (1994).
- Development of Sámi teaching aids, including allocation of grants for this purpose (2000).
- Election of 50% of the members to the board in the Finnmark Estate (2006).
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One of the responsibilities is ensuring that the section 1–5 of the Saami Act (1987:56) is upheld, i.e., that the Sami languages and Norwegian continue to have the same status. A good example of this is the current situation in Tysfjord, where speakers of Lule Sami cannot conduct their official business in that language as the municipality has not provided anyone who can speak it to assist them.[citation needed] This is the only municipality in Norway where speakers of that language should theoretically be able to speak it with officials, but this has not come to fruition; therefore, the Saami Parliament must fight for this cause with Tysfjord and must bring it to the attention of the Norwegian Government, if Tysfjord fails to rectify the situation.
Finances
Funding
Funding is granted by the Norwegian state over various national budget lines. But the parliament can distribute the received funds according to its own priorities. In the Norwegian government the main responsibility for Sami affairs, including the allocation of funds, is the Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion.[2]
The total budget for the Norwegian Sami Parliament has been about:
- 2008: 311 million NOK.[8]
- 2007: 275 million NOK (ibid).
- 2006: 260 million NOK.
In addition the parliament controls the 75 million NOK in "Samefolkets fond", a fund established in 2000 as compensation for the governments Norweganization policy.
Salaries and other expenses
None of the MPs receive salaries.[citation needed]
Elections
 | This section needs to be updated. (February 2015) |
To be eligible to vote or be elected to the Norwegian Sami Parliament a person needs to be included in the Sámi census. In order to be included the following criteria must be met as stipulated in Section 2–6 of the Sámi Act: "Everyone who declares that they consider themselves to be Sámi, and who either has Sámi as his or her home language, or has or has had a parent, grandparent or great-grandparent with Sámi as his or her home language, or who is a child of someone who is or has been registered in the Sámi census, has the right to be enrolled in the Sámi census in the municipality of residence." [9] Results of the last election: Template:Norwegian Sami parliamentary election, 2009
Cooperation with the state government
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In the Norwegian central administration the coordinating organ and central administrator for Sámi issues is the Department of Sámi and Minority Affairs in the Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion. This department also coordinates interministerial and Nordic state cooperation regarding Sámi issues. The Sámi Parliament is consulted when state government issues affect Sámi interests.[10]
See also
References
- ^ http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/eng_damning.pdf
- ^ a b c http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/eng_samediggi.pdf
- ^ The town with the Sami Parliament, Cristian Uluru, 2006.
- ^ See the Wikipedia article on Kárášjohka.
- ^ Parliament for the Sami people / SH arkitekter, on the Modern Architectural Concepts blog, consulted 3 November 2010
- ^ Norway’s Sámi Parliament: Getting to 50-50, on the International Museum of Women website, consulted 3 November 2010.
- ^ http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/eng_samediggi_adm.pdf
- ^ 49,1 millioner mer til samiske formål - NRK Sámi Radio - NRK
- ^ http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/eng_sami.pdf
- ^ http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/eng_sami_issues.pdf
External links
On gender balance in the parliament:
- Norway’s Sámi Parliament: Getting to 50-50, on the International Museum of Women website