View source for Second VA-35 (U.S. Navy)

{{morefootnotes|date=January 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Attack Squadron 35
| image= Attack Squadron 35 Insignia (US Navy).jpg
| image_size = 150
|caption= VA-35 squadron patch
|dates= 1 July 1934 – 31 January 1995
|country= United States
|allegiance=
|branch= [[United States Navy]]
|type=
|role= [[Attack aircraft]]
|size=
|command_structure= Inactive
|current_commander=
|garrison=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname= Black Panthers
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles= [[World War II]]<br>[[Korean War]]<br>[[1958 Lebanon crisis]]<br>[[Bay of Pigs Invasion]]<br>[[Cuban Missile Crisis]]<br>[[Vietnam War]]<br>[[Gulf War#Operation Desert Shield|Operation Desert Shield]]
|aircraft_attack=[[Martin BM]]<br>[[Vought SB2U Vindicator|SB2U Vindicator]]<br>[[Douglas SBD Dauntless|SBD Dauntless]]<br> [[Douglas A-1 Skyraider|A-1 Skyraider]]<br>[[Grumman A-6 Intruder|A-6 Intruder]]
|anniversaries=
}}

[[File:Vought SB2U-2 from VB-3 (4640194811).jpg|thumb|right|250px|A Vought SB2U-2 ''Vindicator'' dive bomber from '''VB-4''' at Oakland, California in 1940. Note the diving black panther insignia on the side. (Click the photo to enlarge it)]]

'''Second VA-35''', nicknamed the ''Black Panthers'', was a long-lived '''Attack Squadron''' of the [[U.S. Navy]]. It was the second squadron to be assigned the '''VA-35''' designation.

==History==
The squadron was established as '''Bombing Squadron VB-3B''' at [[NAS Norfolk]], [[Virginia]], on 1 July 1934. It was subsequently redesignated '''VB-4''' on 1 July 1937, as '''VB-3''' on 1 July 1939, as '''VA-3A''' on 15 November 1946, and as '''VA-34''' on 7 August 1948. It was finally designated '''VA-35''' on 15 February 1950 (the [[VA-35 (U.S. Navy)|first VA-35]] had been disestablished on 7 November 1949). The diving black panther design first appeared in mid-1935, and was carried on through the various redesignations of the squadron.<ref name="Danas">{{cite DANAS |volume=1 |article=Second VA-35 |page=50 |section=va-34-38}}</ref> '''VA-35''' was disestablished on 31 January 1995 after over 60 years of continuous service.<ref name='IntruderAssociation'>{{cite web | url = https://www.intruderassociation.org/squadrons/va35.html | title = VA-35 Black Panthers | accessdate = 2014-02-09 | publisher = The Intruder Association}}</ref>

===Pre-World War II===
*May 1935: {{USS|Ranger|CV-4|6}} and her embarked air group, including VB-3B, participated in Fleet Exercise XVI. This was the first time VB-3B and ''Ranger'' participated in a Fleet Exercise.
*25 November 1935 – 25 February 1936: A detachment from VB-3B, including six BG-1s, was assigned to ''Ranger’s'' Cold Weather Test Detachment and operated aboard Ranger in Alaskan waters.
*April–June 1936: The squadron participated in Fleet Problem XVII.
*April–May 1937: The squadron participated in Fleet Problem XVIII.
*28 May 1937: VB-3B participated in an aerial review celebrating the opening of the [[Golden Gate Bridge]].
*July 1937: The squadron, embarked on {{USS|Lexington|CV-2|6}}, participated in the search for [[Amelia Earhart]] and [[Fred Noonan]].
*September 1937: VB-4, embarked on ''Ranger'', visited Lima, Peru, in conjunction with the International Aviation Conference being held there.
*March–April 1938: The squadron participated in Fleet Problem XIX.
*April–May 1940: The squadron participated in Fleet Problem XXI. This was the last major fleet problem conducted before America's involvement in World War II.

===World War II===
*April 1942: VB-3, embarked on {{USS|Enterprise|CV-6|6}}, provided escort patrols for the task force which launched the [[Doolittle Raid]] against Tokyo.
*4 Jun 1942: At the [[Battle of Midway]], VB-3, embarked on {{USS|Yorktown|CV-5|6}}, engaged in its first combat operations. Yorktown's first strike included 17 [[Douglas SBD Dauntless|SBD-3's]] from VB-3 led by Lieutenant Commander [[Max Leslie|M. F. Leslie]]. Approximately an hour after launch, VB-3's aircraft sighted the Japanese Fleet and commenced their dive-bombing attack; the primary target was the [[Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū|carrier ''Sōryū'']]. Lieutenant (jg) Paul A. Holmberg was the first to drop his 1,000 pounder on the ''Sōryū''. His hit was followed by two more from VB-3's SBDs. ''Sōryū'' erupted into flames and eventually sank. With the ''Sōryū'' in flames, the other VB-3 SBDs directed their attack against other targets. They attacked a destroyer, the [[Isokaze-class destroyer|''Isokaze'']], making one hit on her fantail and "what appeared to be a battleship," claiming a hit on her stern. All 17 SBDs from VB-3 escaped the attack without a hit and returned to the ''Yorktown''. Prior to landing on the carrier, they were directed to leave the area due to incoming enemy aircraft. All VB-3’s SBDs landed on ''Enterprise'' except for Lieutenant Commander Leslie and his wingman, Lieutenant (jg) Holmberg. These two men, low on fuel, ditched their aircraft alongside the {{USS|Astoria|CA-34|6}} and were picked up by the ship’s motor whaleboat. The battle was still not over for VB-3. In late afternoon, 14 of VB-3’s SBDs were launched from ''Enterprise'' as part of a strike group ordered to attack the fourth [[Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū|carrier ''Hiryū'']]. Lieutenant Shumway was in charge of VB-3’s formation. The strike force located ''Hiryū'' and again caught a Japanese carrier in the vulnerable position of having armed and fueled planes on deck. Direct hits from Shumway’s SBD’s resulted in a torched ''Hiryū'' and her eventual sinking. Several of VB-3’s aircraft suffered heavy damage from attacking Japanese aircraft. However, all but two of VB-3’s aircraft returned to ''Enterprise''. Seventeen of VB-3’s pilots received the [[Navy Cross]] for their action during the Battle of Midway, they were Ensigns Benson, Butler, Campbell, Cobb, Cooner, Elder, Hanson, Isaman, Lane, Merrill and Schoegel; Lieutenant (jg)s Holmberg, Sherwood and Wiseman; Lieutenants Bottomley and Shumway; and Lieutenant Commander Leslie.
*August 1942: While operating from {{USS|Saratoga|CV-3|6}} in the South Pacific, the squadron participated in strikes against [[Guadalcanal]] and other enemy installations in the [[Solomon Islands]] in support of the [[Guadalcanal Campaign]].
*24 August 1942: VB-3 participated in the [[Battle of the Eastern Solomons]], attacking the Japanese light carrier[[Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō|''Ryūjō'']], and helping to sink her. Jan–Jul 1943: VB-3 operated in the South Pacific flying combat sorties against various Japanese-held islands and providing air cover for American forces.
*July 1943: VB-3 and the ''Saratoga'' Air Group were relieved by Air Group 12 and boarded {{HMS|Victorious|R38|6}} for transfer to CONUS to reform, arriving at San Diego on 18 August. This ended the air group and VB-3’s association with ''Saratoga''.
*November 1944: VB-3 conducted combat operations from {{USS|Yorktown|CV-10|6}} against various targets, including shipping, in support of the [[Battle of Leyte|Leyte invasion]].
*January 1945: Combat operations were conducted against targets in Formosa and the Philippines in support of the [[Invasion of Lingayen Gulf]]. With ''Yorktown'' leading the way, Task Force 38 entered the South China Sea on 10 January. VB-3 struck targets near [[Saigon]] and along the Vietnamese coast, Canton and Hong Kong areas, Formosa and Okinawa.
*February 1945: VB-3 participated in the first carrier strikes against the Tokyo area, bombing the Kasumiga-ura Airfield, an air depot 25 miles north of Tokyo, and the [[Tachikawa Aircraft Company|Tachikawa Aircraft Engine Plant]], located 16 miles west of the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]]. Following these strikes, the squadron concentrated its attention on air support for the [[Battle of Iwo Jima]]. This operation was the last combat action for the squadron during World War II. On 6 March, the squadron transferred from ''Yorktown'' to {{USS|Lexington|CV-16|6}} for transfer to the US.

===Korean War===
*11 October 1950: While deployed to the Korean theater aboard {{USS|Leyte|CV-32|6}}, the squadron launched its first combat mission since February 1945, striking North Korean targets.
*12 December 1950: The squadron's commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander Bagwell, crash-landed in North Korea and was taken prisoner.

===Cold War===
*July–August 1958: VA-35, along with other squadrons from CVG-3, provided support for [[1958 Lebanon crisis|U.S. Marines landing in Lebanon]].
*October–November 1962: VA-35 deployed to [[McCalla Field]], [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base|Guantanamo Bay]], Cuba, during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]. During December, the squadron was embarked on {{USS|Saratoga|CV-60|6}}.
*4 February 1965: The squadron's commanding officer, Commander Richard G. Layser, was killed in an accident.
*15 August 1965: VA-35 transferred from CVW-3 in preparation for its transition to the [[Grumman A-6 Intruder|A-6A Intruder]]. This brought to a close an illustrious career with CVW-3 that began in 1939.

===Vietnam War===
*26 February 1967: The squadron participated in the first combat aerial mining operations since World War II, when its A-6A Intruders dropped mines in the Song Ca and Song Giang Rivers of North Vietnam.
*1 October 1967: During a weapons training deployment to [[Marine Corps Air Station Yuma|NAS Yuma]], Arizona, VA-35 became the first A-6A squadron to fire the [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] missile.
*January–February 1968: While embarked on {{USS|Enterprise|CVN-65|6}} and en route to [[Yankee Station]], the carrier was ordered to the Sea of Japan for operations following the seizure of the {{USS|Pueblo|AGER-2|6}} by the North Koreans.
*12 March 1968: The squadron's commanding officer, Commander Kollmann, along with his bombardier-navigator Lieutenant John G. Griffith,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualwall.org/dg/GriffithJG01a.htm|title=Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Online Web Page}}</ref> was lost in an operational accident.
*17 September 1972: While on a mission over North Vietnam the squadron's Commanding Officer, CDR Verne Donnelly and Admin Officer, LCDR Ken Buell were lost. CDR Donnelly's remains have been found. LCDR Buell is still listed as missing in action.

[[File:Grumman KA-6D 152913 VA-35 Nimitz 05.09.75 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|VA-35 [[Grumman A-6 Intruder|Grumman KA-6D Intruder]] aboard {{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|6}} during a visit to Scotland in 1975. The ''Black Panther'' marking is displayed on the fin]]

===Post Vietnam===
*3 January 1980: VA-35 departed Naples, Italy, embarked on {{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|6}}, en route to the Indian Ocean via the Cape of Good Hope after the [[Iran hostage crisis|U.S. Embassy staff was taken hostage in Tehran]], Iran. This was the beginning of 144 consecutive days at sea for the squadron.
*26 May 1981: While on a training exercise aboard ''Nimitz'' off the coast of Charleston, S.C., an [[Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler|EA-6B]] from [[VMAQ-2]] crashed into parked aircraft while attempting to land. VA-35 personnel provided firefighting support and assistance to the injured. There was one injury to VA-35 personnel,  from the Va-35 line crew. Over 130 members of the squadron received awards for fighting fires and assisting the injured.
*June 1985: ''Nimitz'' and VA-35 were ordered to operate off the coast of Lebanon due to the hijacking of [[TWA Flight 847]]. The carrier and squadron remained on station until the release of the hostages in the latter part of June.
*February 1987: VA-35, embarked on ''Nimitz'', operated off the coast of Lebanon after three U.S. citizens were taken hostage from the American University in Beirut.
*July 1988: VA-35 participated in a firepower demonstration for the [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and his guest, the Marshal of the Soviet Union.
*September 1988: While deployed to the North Atlantic aboard {{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|CVN-71|6}}, the squadron conducted flight operations from the carrier while in the [[Vestfjorden]] of Norway.
*August–December 1990: The squadron flew missions in support of [[Operation Desert Shield]], the build-up of American and Allied forces to counter a threatened invasion of Saudi Arabia by Iraq and part of an economic blockade of Iraq to force its withdrawal from Kuwait.<ref name="Danas" />
*31 January 1995: The squadron was disestablished after over 60 years of service.

==Home port assignments==
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:<ref name="Danas" />
* [[NAS Norfolk]] – 1 July 1934
* [[NAS San Diego]] – 14 April 1935
* [[NAS Ford Island]]* – January 1942
* [[NAS Kaneohe Bay]]* – February 1942
* [[Marine Corps Air Station Ewa|NAS Ewa]]* – June 1942
* NAS Kaneohe Bay* – September 1942
* [[Nadi International Airport|Nandi Field]], [[Fiji|Fiji Islands]]* – November 1942
* [[La Tontouta International Airport|Tontouta Airfield]], [[New Caledonia]]* – December 1942
* [[NAS Sand Point]] – September 1943
* [[NAS Whidbey Island]] – October 1943
* [[NAS Pasco]] – 2 February 1944
* [[NAS Alameda]]* – 5 April 1944
* [[NAS Puunene]]* – 22 April 1944
* [[Hilo, Hawaii|NAS Hilo]]* – 7 June 1944
* [[Kahului Airport|NAS Kahului]]* – 22 July 1944
* [[NAS Seattle]] – 28 March 1945
* [[NAS Wildwood]] – 7 May 1945
* [[NAS Oceana|NAAS Oceana]] – 19 July 1945
* [[Naval Auxiliary Air Station Charlestown|NAAS Charlestown]] – 15 April 1947
* [[NAS Quonset Point]] – 14 August 1947
* NAAS Charlestown – 1 October 1947
* NAS Quonset Point – 1 February 1949
* NAAS Oceana – 24 August 1950
* NAS Quonset Point – 3 Feb 1951
* [[Naval Air Station Sanford|NAAS Sanford]] – 30 April 1951
* [[NAS Cecil Field]] – February 1953
* [[NAS Jacksonville]] – 1 October 1958
* NAS Oceana – August 1965
: * Temporary shore base assignment during World War II.

==Aircraft assignment==
The squadron first received the following aircraft in the months shown:<ref name="Danas" />
* BM-1 and BM-2 – Jul 1934
* BG-1 – Nov 1934
* SB2U-2 – Jan 1938
* SB2U-1 – Jul 1940
* BT-1 – Mar 1941
* SBC-4 – Mar 1941
* SBD-3 – Aug 1941
* SBD-4 – Apr 1943
* SBD-3P – Apr 1943
* SBD-5 – Aug 1943
* SB2C-1C – Dec 1943
* SBW-3 – Jul 1944
* SB2C-4 – Sep 1944
* SB2C-5 – Jan 1946
* AD-2 – 24 Nov 1948
* AD-2Q – Feb 1949
* AD-1 – Feb 1949
* AD-4 – Oct 1950
* AD-3 – May 1950
* AD-4L – Feb 1951
* AD-4B – Mar 1953
* AD-4N – Aug 1953
* AD-6/A-1H – Sep 1953
* AD-5 – Oct 1954
* A-6A – 15 Dec 1965
* A-6B – Jan 1968
* KA-6D – Dec 1970
* A-6C – Feb 1971
* A-6E – 19 Apr 1973

==See also==
* [[Attack aircraft]]
* [[History of the United States Navy]]
* [[List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons]]

==References==
{{DANAS}}
{{reflist}}

{{US Navy navbox}}
{{United States Navy Aircraft Squadrons}}

[[Category:Attack squadrons of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1995]]