Siegfried Aram
Siegfried Aram (real name Abraham, born May 28, 1891, in Heilbronn; died January, 1978 in New York) was a German lawyer, cultural politician, art collector and art dealer.
Early life[edit]
Siegfried Aram was a son of the merchant Sigmund Abraham and Thekla, née Grünwald. His maternal grandfather was the merchant Adolf or Adolph Grünwald, who, after returning from America in the early 1860s, joined Sigmund Abraham as a partner in 1893. Sigmund Abraham eventually became the owner of the Adolf Grünwald company, which was located at Kaiserstraße 27 after the addresses Kieselmarkt 3 and Lixstraße 12.
Education and professional life[edit]
Aram graduated from the Realgymnasium in his hometown, then studied law. He was then employed as a court assessor in Stuttgart, then as a lawyer at the Higher Regional Court. He co-founded the journal Das Gelbe Blatt and was its editor. He advocated the founding of an adult education center and founded the Schwäbische Landesbühne. His circle of friends included Hans Hildebrandt, Oskar Schlemmer, Willi Baumeister and Rudolf Utzinger. Aram bought the small castle of Schapbach near Freudenstadt, also known as Villa Hohenhaus, and worked as an art dealer. His father had collected art. After Sigmund Abraham's death in 1925, his widow sold the house in Heilbronn and moved to Berlin.
After the First World War, Aram became the target of radical right-wing persecution after the so-called Schefflenzer Waffenschiebung became known.[1]
Warren Chase Merritt created a portrait of Aram.
Together with art dealer Martin Ehrhardt, Siegfried Aram bought the so-called Holzenhaus, the little castle of Schapbach, in the 1920s. In 1930 the Galerie Ehrhardt published a book about drawings he authored.[2] Aram was one of the donors of the St. Cyriak Stations of the Cross in Schapbach painted by Bernhard G. Lucki.[3]
Nazi persecution[edit]
When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, Aram was persecuted because he was Jewish. He fled Nazi Germany via Italy and Gibraltar,[4] arriving in the United States in 1934.[5] He lived in Detroit and New York and ran the Aram-Ehrhardt Galleries. In 1937 he changed the name of the gallery to S.F. Aram, Inc. or Siegfried Aram Gallery,[6][7]
In 2020 a painting that he had once owned was discovered with a false provenance and changed title in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[8] For decades, Aram had sought to recover the painting, called “The Rape of Tamar,” and attributed to the French artist Eustache Le Sueur, which he said had been taken by a businessman, Oskar Sommer, who purchased his home in Germany.[9][10]
Literature[edit]
- Hans Franke: Geschichte und Schicksal der Juden in Heilbronn. Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1963 (Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn, 11), S. 209ff. und 230 ff.
Links[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Geschichte und Schicksal der Juden in Heilbronn. Vom Mittelalter bis zu der Zeit der nationalsozialistischen Verfolgungen (1050-1945) Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn 11 Heilbronn 1963" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-15.
- ^ Aram, Siegfried (1930). Das Schapbacher Schlössle : ein Landsitz im Schwarzwald in 24 Zeichnungen von Ed. Trautwein (in German). Berlin: Galerie Ehrhardt & Co. OCLC 26143626.
- ^ So Franke 1963; andere Quellen nennen den Onkel Heinrich Grünwald als zweiten Besitzer.
- ^ Brown, Stephanie (2020-02-10). "13. "No known provenance prior to its appearance at auction..."". Disappearing Gauguin. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
Siegfried Aram was a successful lawyer in Heilbronn, Germany, who owned a country house in the Black Forest. He left Germany and came to New York by way of Naples and Gibraltar, arriving on the ship Conte de Savoia on August 29, 1934. Aram's legal qualifications did not transfer to the U.S., so he turned what had been a hobby into a career. He became an art dealer.
- ^ "Provenance". www.nga.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-19.
Siegfried F. Aram was born in Wurttemburg, Germany, in 1891. Originally a lawyer, he later became a partner in the Ehrhardt Galleries in Berlin. He had to leave Nazi Germany, arriving in the United States in 1934. In 1935 he established Aram-Ehrhardt Galleries in New York, changing the name to S.F. Aram, Inc., in 1937.
- ^ Sandra S. Phillips, The Photography of John Gutmann, Merrell Holberton 2000, S. 24
- ^ "Archives Directory for the History of Collecting". research.frick.org. Retrieved 2021-12-19.
- ^ Bowley, Graham (2020-02-08). "The Mystery of the Painting in Gallery 634". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
Old court records indicate the painting, purchased by the Met in 1984, is likely the same one a Jewish art dealer, Siegfried Aram, left behind when he fled Germany as Hitler took power in 1933. The records, which recount the dealer's unsuccessful effort to reclaim his painting for more than a decade after the war, were discovered by a researcher and photographer, Joachim Peter, who has spent years studying the history of Heilbronn, the German city where Mr. Aram once lived, including the treatment of its Jews and the devastation from Allied bombing.
- ^ Bowley, Graham (2020-02-26). "Met Museum Adjusts Painting's History to Note Former Jewish Owner". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
- ^ Sutton, Benjamin (2020-02-10). "Metropolitan Museum Investigating Nazi Loot Claim over 17th-Century Painting". Artsy. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
However, according to documents unearthed by Peter, the painting may have been seized by Oskar Sommer, a German department store owner who bought Aram's house in the Black Forest in 1933. The art dealer had fled the country by then, leaving his mother to sell the family's holdings. The painting had been promised to a buyer in California, but documents suggest that Sommer kept it.
