Simnia

Simnia
	a live Simnia spelta on soft coral Leptogorgia sarmentosa
	Shell of † Simnia fusulina (holotype at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Ovulidae
Subfamily:	Simniinae
Genus:	Simnia; Risso, 1826
Type species
	Simnia nicaeensis; Risso, 1826
Synonyms
	Amphiperas (Neosimnia) P. Fischer, 1884; Amphiperas(Simnia) Risso, 1826; Neosimnia P. Fischer, 1884; Ovula (Neosimnia) P. Fischer, 1884 (original rank); Ovula (Simnia) Risso, 1826; Simia [sic] (misspelling); Simnia (Neosimnia) P. Fischer, 1884; Spiculata Cate, 1973; Subsimnia C. N. Cate, 1973;

Simnia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Ovulidae.^[1]

Taxonomy

Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of Simnia nicaeensis Risso, 1826, type species of Simnia, is a juvenile specimen of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) type species of Neosimnia Fischer, 1884. This makes Simnia an objective synonym of Neosimnia. Accordingly, all the species treated in Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under Neosimnia should thereby be accepted under Simnia. Likewise, all the species treated by Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under Simnia should thereby be accepted under Xandarovula Cate, 1973.^[1] The assumptions of Dolin (Dolin & Ledon, 2002) are based on interpretations but not on the examination of the type material. Fehse (2016) has confirmed the vaility of the genus Neosimnia because the lectotype of Simnia nicaeensis Risso, 1826, type species of Simnia, is never a juvenile specimen of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) type species of Neosimnia Fischer, 1884.

Species

The valid assignment of the taxa are found in Lorenz & Fehse, 2009. The assumption of Dolin prepared the following chaos: Species within the genus Simnia include:

Simnia aperta (Sowerby, 1849)
Simnia arcuata (Reeve, 1865)^[2]
Simnia avena (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832)^[3]
Simnia barbarensis Dall, 1892^[4]
Simnia bartschi (Cate, 1973)^[5]
Simnia bijuri (Cate, 1976)^[6]
† Simnia brevicula (Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
† Simnia fusulina Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
† Simnia graniformis (Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
Simnia hammesi (Bertsch & Bibbey, 1982)^[7]
† Simnia helenae Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
† Simnia leathesi (J. de C. Sowerby, 1826)
† Simnia lhommei (Cossmann, 1907)
† Simnia limondinae Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
Simnia loebbeckeana (Weinkauff, 1881)^[8]
Simnia macleani (Cate, 1976)^[9]
† Simnia multilineata (Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
Simnia patula (Pennant, 1777)
Simnia pliomajor (Sacco, 1894)
† Simnia pseudolaevis (Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
† Simnia pulchra (Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)
† Simnia rostralina (Deshayes, 1865)
† Simnia scobina (Garvie, 1996)
Simnia sculptura (Cate, 1973)^[10]
† Simnia semen (Defrance, 1825)
Simnia senegalensis (Schilder, 1931)^[11]
Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758)^[12]

Species brought into synonymy

Simnia acicularis (Lamarck, 1811): synonym of Cymbovula acicularis (Lamarck, 1811)
Simnia aequalis (G. B. Sowerby I, 1832): synonym of Neosimnia avena (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) synonym of Simnia avena (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833)
Simnia aureocincta Dall, 1899: synonym of Cyphoma aureocinctum (Dall, 1889)
Simnia brevirostris (Schumacher, 1817): synonym of Phenacovolva brevirostris (Schumacher, 1817)
Simnia hiscocki Lorenz & Melaun, 2011: synonym of Xandarovula hiscocki (Lorenz & Melaun, 2011) (superseded combination)
Simnia hyalina Lorenz & Fehse, 2009: synonym of Xandarovula hyalina (Lorenz & Fehse, 2009) (superseded combination)
Simnia illyrica (Schilder, 1925): synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) (junior subjective synonym)
Simnia inflexa Schilder, 1941: synonym of Simnialena rufa (Sowerby, 1832)
Simnia inflexa (Sowerby, 1832): synonym of Simnialena rufa (Sowerby, 1832)
Simnia jacintoi Fehse & Trigo, 2015: synonym of Xandarovula jacintoi (Fehse & Trigo, 2015) (superseded combination)
Simnia nicaeensis Risso, 1826: synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Simnia nicaoensis Risso, 1826: synonym of Simnia nicaeensis Risso, 1826
Simnia piragua Dall, 1889: synonym of Calcarovula piragua (Dall, 1889)
Simnia rufa (Sowerby, 1832): synonym of Simnialena rufa (Sowerby, 1832)
Simnia sowerbyana Paetel, 1887: synonym of Phenacovolva brevirostris (Schumacher, 1817)
Simnia uniplicata (Sowerby, 1849): synonym of Simnialena uniplicata (Sowerby, 1849)
† Simnia vibrayana (de Raincourt, 1870) : synonym of † Sandalia vibrayana (de Raincourt, 1870) (superseded combination)
Simnia vidleri (Sowerby, 1881):^[13] synonym of Simnia arcuata (Reeve, 1865) (junior subjective synonym)
Simnia xanthochila Kuroda, 1928: synonym of Contrasimnia xanthochila (Kuroda, 1928)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Simnia Risso, 1826. Gofas, S. (2010). Simnia Risso, 1826. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138307 on 18 December 2011 .
^ Simnia arcuata (Reeve, 1865). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia avena (G.B. Sowerby II, 1832). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia barbarensis Dall, 1892. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia bartschi (Cate, 1973). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia bijuri (Cate, 1976). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia hammesi (Bertsch & Bibbey, 1982). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia loebbeckeana (Weinkauff, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia macleani (Cate, 1976). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia sculptura (Cate, 1973). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia senegalensis (F.A. Schilder, 1931). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.
^ Simnia vidleri (Sowerby G.B. III, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

Dall W.H. 1889. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879-80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieut.-Commander C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2, Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 18: 1-492, pls. 10-40
Cate C.N. (1973). A Systematic Revision of the Recent Cypraeid Family Ovulidae. The Veliger, Vol 15, Supplement.
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Dolin L. & Ledon D., 2002. Nouveaux taxons et discussion de la systématique des genres correspondants d'Ovulidae (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) de l'Éocène inférieur de Gan (France). Geodiversitas 24(2): 329-347
Fehse, D. (2016): Superfamilia Cypraeoidea J.E. Gray, 1824 - In: Stein, G. Moths, H. Albrecht, F. Havekost, U. & Fehse, D. (eds.): Revision der miozänen Molluskenfauna (Hemmoorium) von Werder bei Achim (Nordwest-Niedersachsen): 33-41, pls. 16-19, text figs. 8-13. – Palaeofocus, 5: 1-289, pls. 1-76, text figs. 1-93, tabs. 1-5.

External links

[WoRMS-1] Simnia Risso, 1826. Gofas, S. (2010). Simnia Risso, 1826. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138307 on 18 December 2011 .

[2] Simnia arcuata (Reeve, 1865). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[3] Simnia avena (G.B. Sowerby II, 1832). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[4] Simnia barbarensis Dall, 1892. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[5] Simnia bartschi (Cate, 1973). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[6] Simnia bijuri (Cate, 1976). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[7] Simnia hammesi (Bertsch & Bibbey, 1982). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[8] Simnia loebbeckeana (Weinkauff, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[9] Simnia macleani (Cate, 1976). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[10] Simnia sculptura (Cate, 1973). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[11] Simnia senegalensis (F.A. Schilder, 1931). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[12] Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

[13] Simnia vidleri (Sowerby G.B. III, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 June 2010.

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