Someș
| Someș Szamos | |
|---|---|
.JPG) The Someș at Letca, Sălaj County | |
 The Someș fringed by fuchsia | |
| Etymology | Dacian word Samus ("agitated", "whirling", "piebald") |
| Location | |
| Countries | Romania, Hungary |
| Cities | Dej, Jibou, Ulmeni, Satu Mare |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Confluence of Someșul Mare and Someșul Mic |
| Mouth | |
• location | Tisza |
• elevation | 122 m (400 ft) |
| Length | 415 km (258 mi) |
| Basin size | 18,146 km2 (7,006 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 114 m3/s (4,000 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Tisza→ Danube→ Black Sea |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Someșul Mic, Sălaj |
| • right | Someșul Mare, Lăpuș |
| Waterbodies | 7[1] |
The Someș (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈsomeʃ]; Hungarian: Szamos; German: Somesch or Samosch), located in northwestern Romania, is a left tributary of the Tisza in Hungary. It has a length of 415 km (258 mi) (including its source river Someșul Mare), of which 50 km are in Hungary.[2]: 19 The Someș is the fifth river as length and debit in Romania.[3] The hydrographic basin forms by the confluence at Mica, a commune about 4 km upstream of Dej, of Someșul Mare and Someșul Mic rivers. Someșul Mic (formed by the confluence of Someșul Rece with Someșul Cald) originates in the Apuseni Mountains, and Someșul Mare springs from the Rodna Mountains.[4]
Someșul Mare has a length of 130 km and an area of 5,033 km2 and a slight asymmetry in favor of the left side of the basin.[5] For the entire basin of Someș, the asymmetry on left becomes pronounced between Dej and Ardusat to change in the opposite direction after receiving Lăpuș River on the right side. The valley of Someșul Mare has much auriferous alluvium that, until the early 20th century, were brought to the surface using traditional tools. Specialists say that in the Someșul Mare were found grains of gold of 21 carats.[6]
The Someș drains a basin of 18,146 km2 (7,006 sq mi),[2]: 22 of which 15,740 km2 (6,080 sq mi) in Romania. Its basin comprises 403 rivers with a total length of 5,528 km, or 7% of the total length of the country. Basin area represents 6.6% of the country area and 71% of the area of Someș–Tisza hydrographic basin.[5]
To prevent flooding, the Someș is dammed in the lower course. In the spring of 1970, due to heavy rains, the Someș flooded part of Satu Mare and surrounding plains. The debit exceeded 3,300 m3/s compared to that year's average of 210 m3/s.[7]
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Someș:
- Left: Someșul Mic, Jichiș, Olpret, Bogata, Șimișna, Valea Leșului, Lozna, Valea Hrăii, Cristolțel, Gârbou, Almaș, Agrij, Șoimuș, Bârsa, Inău, Horoat, Sălaj, Bortura, Runc, Bicău, Valea Vinului, Lipău, Homorod
- Right: Someșul Mare, Sălătruc, Vlădeasa, Poiana, Vâtroape, Ileanda, Purcărețu, Cheud, Iadăra, Bârsău, Arieș, Lăpuș, Băița, Cicârlău, Ilba, Seini, Șinel
References
- ^ "Capitolul 3 - Apă" (PDF). Agenția Națională pentru Protecția Mediului (in Romanian).
- ^ a b Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007, IPCDR
- ^ Ghinea, Dan (2002). Enciclopedia geografică a României (in Romanian) (III, revised and enlarged ed.). Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică.
- ^ Diaconu, Constantin; Stănculescu, Sorin (1971). Rîurile României: monografie hidrologică (in Romanian). Bucharest: Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology.
- ^ a b "Plan de apărare împotriva inundațiilor și ghețurilor, secetei hidrologice, accidentelor la construcțiile hidrotehnice și poluărilor accidentale al bazinului hidrografic Someș-Tisa". A. N. "Apele Române" (in Romanian).
- ^ Sabău, Cristiana (15 August 2011). "În Someșul Mare sunt granule de aur". TimpOnline.ro (in Romanian).
- ^ "Râul Someș". Enciclopedia României (in Romanian).
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