Sound-on-disc
Sound-on-disc is a class of sound film processes using a phonograph or other disc to record or play back sound in sync with a motion picture. Early sound-on-disc systems used a mechanical interlock with the movie projector, while more recent systems use timecode.
Examples of sound-on-disc processes
France
- The Chronophone (Léon Gaumont) "Filmparlants" and phonoscènes 1902–1910 (experimental), 1910–1917 (industrial)[1]
USA
- Vitaphone introduced by Warner Bros. in 1926
- Phono-Kinema, short-lived system, invented by Orlando Kellum in 1921 (used by D. W. Griffith for Dream Street)
- Digital Theater Sound
UK
- British Phototone, short-lived UK system using 12-inch discs, introduced in 1928-29 (Clue of the New Pin)
Other
- Systems with the film projector linked to a phonograph or cylinder phonograph, developed by Thomas Edison (Kinetophone, Kinetophonograph), Selig Polyscope, French companies such as Gaumont (Chronomégaphone and Chronophone) and Pathé, and British systems.
References
- ^ Thomas Louis Jacques Schmitt, « The genealogy of clip culture » in Henry Keazor, Thorsten Wübbena (dir.) Rewind, Play, Fast Forward, transcript, ISBN 978-3-8376-1185-4
See also
- Sound film (includes history of sound film)
- Sound-on-film
- List of film formats
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