Spirorbis

Spirorbis; Temporal range: Miocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Spirorbis spirorbis (modern)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Annelida
Clade:	Pleistoannelida
Clade:	Sedentaria
Order:	Sabellida
Family:	Serpulidae
Genus:	Spirorbis; Daudin, 1800
Species
	see text

Spirorbis is a genus of very small (2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in)) polychaete worms, usually with a white coiled shell. Members of the genus live in the lower littoral and sublittoral zones of rocky shores. Spirorbis worms usually live attached to seaweeds, but some species live directly on rocks, shells or other hard substrates. Spirorbis was once thought to have a fossil record extending back into the Early Paleozoic, but now all pre-Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) spirorbins are known to be microconchids.^[2]^[3] The earliest members of genus appeared in the Miocene, but Oligocene finds may also be possible.^[1] The genus contains the following species:

Spirorbis borealis Daudin, 1800
Spirorbis corallinae De Silva and Knight-jones, 1962
Spirorbis cuneatus Gee, 1964
Spirorbis granulatus
Spirorbis incongruus
Spirorbis inornatus L'hardy and Quievreux, 1962
Spirorbis knightjonesi Desilva, 1965
Spirorbis lineatus
Spirorbis marioni (Caullery and Mesnil, 1897)
Spirorbis medius
Spirorbis moerchi
Spirorbis nakamurai
Spirorbis quadrangularis
Spirorbis quasimilitaris Bailey, 1970
Spirorbis rupestris Gee and Knight-jones, 1962
Spirorbis semidentatus
Spirorbis similis
Spirorbis spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Spirorbis steueri Sterzinger, 1909
Spirorbis tridentata Levinsen, 1883
Spirorbis variabilis
Spirorbis violaceus

References

^ ^a ^b Wiesner, E. (1962). "Spirorbis-Deckel aus dem Frankfurter Aquitan". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 43: 367–374.
^ Vinn, Olev; Wilson, Mark A.; Jäger, Manfred; Kočí, Tomáš (2024-05-13). "The earliest true Spirorbinae from the late Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of France, Israel and Madagascar". PalZ. 98 (2): 223–244. Bibcode:2024PalZ...98..223V. doi:10.1007/s12542-023-00681-7. ISSN 1867-6812.
^ Taylor, P.D. & Vinn, O (2006). "Convergent morphology in small spiral worm tubes ("Spirorbis") and its palaeoenvironmental implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 163 (2): 225–228. Bibcode:2006JGSoc.163..225T. doi:10.1144/0016-764905-145. S2CID 128971706. Retrieved 2014-06-11.

External links

General spirorbid morphology and ecology

[Wiesner_1962-1] Wiesner, E. (1962). "Spirorbis-Deckel aus dem Frankfurter Aquitan". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 43: 367–374.

[2] Vinn, Olev; Wilson, Mark A.; Jäger, Manfred; Kočí, Tomáš (2024-05-13). "The earliest true Spirorbinae from the late Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of France, Israel and Madagascar". PalZ. 98 (2): 223–244. Bibcode:2024PalZ...98..223V. doi:10.1007/s12542-023-00681-7. ISSN 1867-6812.

[3] Taylor, P.D. & Vinn, O (2006). "Convergent morphology in small spiral worm tubes ("Spirorbis") and its palaeoenvironmental implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 163 (2): 225–228. Bibcode:2006JGSoc.163..225T. doi:10.1144/0016-764905-145. S2CID 128971706. Retrieved 2014-06-11.

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