Stefan Żeromski
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Stefan Żeromski | |
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![]() Żeromski in 1915 | |
Born | Strawczyn, Kingdom of Poland | 14 October 1864
Died | 20 November 1925 Warsaw, Poland | (aged 61)
Pen name | Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla, Stefan Iksmoreż |
Occupation | Writer |
Nationality | Polish |
Notable works | Przedwiośnie Ludzie bezdomni Popioły Syzyfowe prace |
Spouse | Anna Zawadzka Oktawia Radziwiłłowicz |
Children | Monika Żeromska Adam Żeromski |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stefan_%C5%BBeromski_-_Rapperswil_-_Schloss_-_Kr%C3%A4utergarten_%26_Polnisches_Gartendenkmal_2011-08-06_15-02-18.jpg/200px-Stefan_%C5%BBeromski_-_Rapperswil_-_Schloss_-_Kr%C3%A4utergarten_%26_Polnisches_Gartendenkmal_2011-08-06_15-02-18.jpg)
Stefan Żeromski ( [ˈstɛfan ʐɛˈrɔmski] ; 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature".[1] He also wrote under the pen names Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla and Stefan Iksmoreż. He was nominated four times for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[2]
Life
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Stefan Żeromski was born on 14 October 1864 at Strawczyn, near Kielce.
On 2 September 1892, he married a widow, Oktawia Rodkiewiczowa, née Radziwiłłowiczówna, whom he had met at a spa in Nałęczów, co-owned by her stepfather. One of the witnesses at the wedding was the novelist Bolesław Prus, an admirer of Oktawia's who had not been in favor of the marriage.[3]
The newlyweds moved to Switzerland, where Żeromski worked as a librarian at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil from 1892 to 1896. At Oktawia's request, Prus, though no admirer of Żeromski's writings,[4] provided the struggling couple with what help he could.
In 1913 Żeromski started a new family with the painter Anna Zawadzka, whom he had met in 1908; they had a daughter, Monika.
In 1924, in recognition of Żeromski's achievements, President Stanisław Wojciechowski gave him a three-room apartment on the second floor of Warsaw's Royal Castle.[5]
In the same year, Żeromski was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in literature.[6]
He died on 20 November 1925 in Warsaw.
Works
- Seedtime ("Przedwiośnie", published 1925)
- The Labors of Sisyphus ("Syzyfowe prace"), about 19th- and 20th-century Tsarist efforts to russify the Russian-occupied part of Poland.
- Ashes ("Popioły", 1902–3)
- The Faithful River ("Wierna rzeka", 1912)
- Ravens and Crows Will Peck Us to Pieces ("Rozdziobią nas kruki, wrony", 1895)
- Homeless People ("Ludzie bezdomni", 1899)
- The Wages of Sin ("Dzieje grzechu", 1908)
- Elegy for a Hetman ("Duma o hetmanie")
- Sułkowski (1910)
- Journals ("Dzienniki", published posthumously between 1953-1956)
- The Rose ("Róża", 1909)
- Doctor Peter ("Doktor Piotr", 1895)
- The Charm of Life ("Uroda życia", 1912)
- Struggles with Satan ("Walka z szatanem")
- Wind from the Sea ("Wiatr od morza", 1922)
- My Quail Has Fled ("Uciekła mi przepióreczka", 1924)
Żeromski's works have been translated into several languages. They have been translated into Croatian by a member of the Croatian Academy, Stjepan Musulin.
As films
Several of his novels have been filmed by Walerian Borowczyk (Dzieje grzechu - A Story of Sin); Andrzej Wajda (Popioły - Ashes); and Filip Bajon (Przedwiośnie - The Spring to Come).
See also
Notes
- ^ The Lublin Province Museum: Stefan Żeromski Archived 2011-08-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Nomination Database". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
- ^ Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, p. 466.
- ^ Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, p. 358.
- ^ Aleksander Gieysztor, Stanisław Herbst, Stanisław Lorentz, Władysław Tomkiewicz, Jan Zachwatowicz, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie (Warsaw's Royal Castle), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 173.
- ^ Polish culture: The Stefan Żeromski Museum at www.culture.pl
References
- Irena Kwiatkowska-Siemieńska, Stefan Żeromski. La nature dans son expériences et sa pensée (Stefan Żeromski: Nature in His Experiences and Thought), Préface de Jean Fabre, Professeur à la Sorbonne (Preface by Jean Fabre, Professor at the Sorbonne), Paris, Nizet, 1964 (256 pp.).
- Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, Hanna (1961). Bunt wspomnień. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
External links
Media related to Stefan Żeromski at Wikimedia Commons
- Works by Stefan Żeromski at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Stefan Żeromski at the Internet Archive
- Stefan Żeromski at culture.pl
- 1864 births
- 1925 deaths
- People from Kielce County
- People from Kielce Governorate
- Clan of Jelita
- Polish Calvinist and Reformed Christians
- 19th-century Polish novelists
- 20th-century Polish novelists
- Polish male novelists
- Polish male dramatists and playwrights
- Polish diarists
- Polish Freemasons
- Cooperative organisers
- 19th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
- 20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
- 19th-century Polish male writers
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- 20th-century Polish male writers