Sumatra Railway
The Sumatra Railway, also referred to as the Pekanbaru Railway, was a railway project of the Imperial Japanese in Sumatra during the Second World War. It was designed to connect Pekanbaru to Muaro in an effort to strengthen the military and logistical infrastructure for coal and troop shipments. The Japanese directed construction of the 220 km long railway to connect Pekanbaru with the coast of Malacca Straits using forced labour and prisoners of war. 6,500 Dutch, mostly Indo-Europeans, and British prisoners of war and over 100,000 Indonesian, mostly Javanese, forced workers called Romusha were put to work by the Japanese army. By the time the work was completed in August 1945 almost a third of the European POWs and over half of the Indonesian coolies had died.
The railway was intended to move coal and troops across from "Pakenbaroe" to meet up with an existing railway at Muaoro in the west of the island. The railway was completed on VJ Day, 15 August 1945. It was only ever used to transport POWs out of the area and then quickly became overgrown by the jungle.[1]
Accounts of construction
George Duffy, one of the 15 Americans there and survivor of the sinking of the MS American Leader recounted life and death for the POW workers on MemoryArchive: malaria, dysentery, pellagra, and malnutrition/"beri-beri" were the principal maladies compounded by overwork and mistreatment. "The average age at death of the 700 [POWs] who perished on that railway was 37 years and 3 months."[2]
Legacy and memorial
The railway was never fully utilised and remains unused and in an advanced state of decay.[3] The Japanese also directed construction of the Burma Railway and Kra Isthmus Railway (from Chumphon to Kra Buri).
The Sumatra Railway Memorial was unveiled on VJ Day in 2001 at the National Memorial Arboretum in Alrewas, England near Lichfield, Staffordshire. The memorial commemorates the approximately 5,000 prisoners of war and 30,000 locals who were forced to work on the 140-mile Sumatra railway project and is located next to the Far East Prisoners of War Memorial Building.[1] The memorial's unveiling was attended by former prisoners of war, the Japanese ambassador to Britain (Sadayuki Hayashi) and included a peace stone and the planting of flowering trees to symbolize of reconciliation.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Memorial to Sumatra railway dead 15 August 2001 BBC News
- ^ Duffy, George (5 January 2006). "The Death Railway, April 1945". MemoryArchive. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Hovinga, Henk (2010). The Sumatra Railroad: Final Destination Pakan Baroe 1943-45. Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN 9789067183284.