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{{Short description|1923 agreement between China and the Soviet Union}}
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'''Sun–Joffe Manifesto''' or the '''Joint Manifesto of Sun and Joffe''' (孫文越飛宣言) was an agreement signed between [[Sun Yat-sen]] and [[Adolph Joffe]] on January 26, 1923, for the cooperation of [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]'s [[Kuomintang]] and [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="Tungw">Tung, William L. [1968] (1968). The political institutions of modern China. Springer publishing.  {{ISBN|9789024705528}}. p 92.</ref> The manifesto asserted that the Soviet system was not suitable for China and announced in general terms the willingness of Soviet to co-operate with the KMT in its struggle to [[Chinese reunification (1928)|unify China]].<ref name="HB">Howard, Richard C. Boorman, Howard L. Cheng, Joseph K. H. [1979] (1979). Biographical dictionary of Republican China, Volume 3. Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|9780231089579}}. p 182.</ref>

==Background==
In 1918, [[Georgy Chicherin]] of the [[Soviet Union]] [[Council of the People's Commissars]] announced Soviet intention to relinquish Russian rights and privileges acquired in China.<ref name="Tungw" />  A formal note to open negotiations was sent to the Chinese Foreign Minister in [[Beijing]] on October 27, 1920.  The Bolsheviks sent [[M.I. Yurin]], [[Alexander Paikes]] and [[Adolph Joffe]].<ref name="Tungw" />

==Signing==
Joffe would not settle the [[Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921|question of Outer Mongolia]] or the [[Chinese Eastern Railway|Chinese Far Eastern Railway]]<ref name="Tungw" /> but was successful in establishing a political relations with Sun Yat-sen. On January 26, 1923, Sun and Joffe issued the manifesto, which became the foundation of co-operation between the [[Kuomintang]] and [[Soviet Union]]. In July 1923, Sun sent [[Chiang Kai-shek]] to [[Russia]] to study Soviet military and political conditions.<ref name="Tungw" /> The [[Chinese Communist Party]] had been established only in July 1921, just a year before the signing. Sources have pointed out that the most crucial decision made in Sun's life to align the KMT with the Soviets and the Chinese Communists.<ref name="HB" />

==See also==
* [[Li–Lobanov Treaty]]
* [[Chinese Civil War]]

==References==
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[[Category:1923 in China]]
[[Category:Political manifestos]]
[[Category:1923 in politics]]
[[Category:1923 documents]]
[[Category:China–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Chinese Communist Revolution]]