Suxethonium chloride

Suxethonium chloride
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2,2’-[(1,4-Dioxo-1,4-butanediyl)bis(oxy)]bis(N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylethanaminium) dichloride;
PubChem CID	71732;
ChemSpider	64776;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20218004 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.053.581
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C16H34Cl2N2O4
Molar mass	389.36 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CC[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)CC.[Cl-].[Cl-];
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H34N2O4.2ClH/c1-7-17(3,4)11-13-21-15(19)9-10-16(20)22-14-12-18(5,6)8-2;;/h7-14H2,1-6H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2; Key:BHCKTCGQZMCGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-L;

Suxethonium (trade name: Brevidil-E) is a depolarising muscle relaxant which is presented as a dry powder in an ampoule. This is re-constituted with sterile water prior to use. It is available in Australia as a schedule 4 drug,^[1] and the US.^[2]

Advantages

It has some advantages over suxamethonium:

Less K⁺^[3]
Possibly less muscle pain after use
Storage does not require refrigeration

The last advantage was what keeps it in occasional use.

Previous use

In the UK, it was used by the Obstetric Flying Squads at patient's homes to resuscitate mothers during major obstetric complications (mostly major haemorrhage) during home births.

In Australia, it was included in "Resuscitation drugs packs" in hospitals. These packs were sealed boxes containing all the drugs required for an in-hospital resuscitation. They were prepared by the hospital pharmacy and because these were sealed (usually just sticky tape) the drug contents were guaranteed to be there for use in a cardiac arrest. These packs contained ampoules of powdered suxethonium so a relaxant was available to facilitate intubation. Suxamethonium could not be used in these packs because of the requirement for refrigeration. This was certainly an issue in Queensland as it could be quite warm and hospitals wards were in the past generally not air-conditioned.

It can still be used where the storage issue is a concern (e.g. by the military, rural locations, 3rd world countries). The most recent reference to it in Medline is 1976, but it is occasionally mentioned in passing in other journals.^[4]

References

^ http://www.nps.org.au/medicines/surgical-preparations/muscle-relaxants-for-surgery/suxamethonium-chloride/suxamethonium-chloride-injection-bp
^ http://www.drugs.com/international/suxethonium-chloride.html
^ Day S. (1976). "Plasma potassium changes following suxamethonium and suxethonium in normal patients and in patients in renal failure". Br J Anaesth. 48 (10): 1011–1015. doi:10.1093/bja/48.10.1011. PMID 791307.
^ See for example: http://www.kumj.com.np/past/Vol1/issue1/vol1_18.pdf Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2003; 1: 60-65 Archived May 18, 2005, at the Wayback Machine

[1] ttp://www.nps.org.au/medicines/surgical-preparations/muscle-relaxants-for-surgery/suxamethonium-chloride/suxamethonium-chloride-injection-bp

[2] ttp://www.drugs.com/international/suxethonium-chloride.html

[3] Day S. (1976). "Plasma potassium changes following suxamethonium and suxethonium in normal patients and in patients in renal failure". Br J Anaesth. 48 (10): 1011–1015. doi:10.1093/bja/48.10.1011. PMID 791307.

[4] See for example: http://www.kumj.com.np/past/Vol1/issue1/vol1_18.pdf Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2003; 1: 60-65 Archived May 18, 2005, at the Wayback Machine

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