TI-30
The TI-30 was a scientific calculator manufactured by Texas Instruments, the first model of which was introduced in 1976. While the original TI-30 left production in 1983 after several design revisions, TI maintains the TI-30 designation as a branding for its low and mid-range scientific calculators.
Price
The original TI-30 was notable for its very low cost for the time, around US$25. This was much less than the retail prices of other scientific calculators of the era; for example, Hewlett-Packard's cheapest scientific calculator at the time was still well over $100. The Casio FX-20, another popular scientific calculator, sold for roughly double the price of the TI-30. The TI-30 sold for less than the cost of a professional grade slide rule, which had nonetheless become obsolete after the HP-35 calculator was released by Hewlett-Packard in 1972. The TI-30 sold an estimated 15 million units during its lifespan from 1976–1983.[citation needed]
It is rumored that the original TI-30 got its name from a planned retail price of US$29.95 or $30. Even if true, however, the MSRP was $24.95 at introduction, and all current models in the line sold for less than $20 as of December 2007. However, the use of more elaborate graphing calculators such as the TI-84, which cost over $100, became standardized in many public school curricula after the 1990s.
Description
The original TI-30, a cost-reduced but functionally equivalent version of TI's TI SR-40 unit, utilized an LED display, was powered by a ubiquitous 9 volt battery, and contained nearly all of its functionality in one chip, where previous calculators used many discrete components. The TI-30 could perform nearly all the logarithmic and trigonometric functions of an HP-21, its primary competition at the time. Although the Texas Instruments SR-50 pioneered algebraic notation with precedence and parentheses in 1974, the TI-30 made those features available at a more affordable price.
Early production TI-30 units (c. 1976) contained a logic error in their calculation of inverse tangents. On these early models, pressing "0 INV TAN" would cause the calculator to go into an infinite loop until it was powered off with the OFF button. The "0" had to be pressed on the keyboard; the calculator produced a correct answer if the "0" was the result of a previous calculation. The TI-30 had much slower trig functions than the SR-50 (taking about 3 seconds compared to 1 second for the SR-50).
The TI-30 was at one point the most popular scientific calculator for Junior High and High School use in the United States. For $24.95, the purchaser received both the calculator and a 224-page book, The Great International Math on Keys Book, which covered basics in algebra, business and finance, trigonometry, probability and statistics, physics and chemistry, and had ideas for games and puzzles that could be played with the calculator. The book alone retailed for $12.95 and many considered the book to be more valuable than the calculator itself.
In 1980, Texas Instruments converted the TI-30 to use an Liquid Crystal Display, releasing the TI-30 LCD in Europe and the TI-30 II a year later in the U.S. The calculator itself remained functionally similar over several redesigns in the following few years, with solar power coming to the line in 1982 in a joint venture with Toshiba. The "X" in all current TI-30 models refers to the addition of a 10+2 display (that is, a 10 digit mantissa plus a 2-digit exponent) in 1993; with the addition of a 2-line display and a D-pad in the XIIS/XIIB in 1999, the TI-30 line split in 2, with the TI-30Xa becoming TI's overall entry-level scientific, and the enhanced XII designs offering more input flexibility to the user. The MultiView models, introduced in 2006 and 2007, replace the 2-line display with a dot matrix display similar to a graphing calculator, and move many of the functions traditionally placed on or next to individual calculator keys off onto menus very similar to those used on the popular TI-83 calculator line.
At one time or another, most models in the line since the introduction of the LCD models have been available in both solar powered and battery versions; the Xa retains solar power only on models sold in a few markets in Europe, while the XIIS and XS MultiView models run off both solar and battery power depending on available ambient light. The earliest model, however, ran off of a 9 volt battery, and was said to drain the battery quite quickly, creating a market in aftermarket rechargeable battery upgrades.
Repurposing
The low cost, bulky case and easily accessible matrix keyboard made the TI-30 ideal for homebrew electronics projects requiring a large number of keys in a small package. Phone phreaks would rewire the keypad and introduce a pair of Intersil 8038 voltage control oscillator chips to produce blue box tones through a microphone plugged into a jack mounted in the recharge port.
TI-30 models
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- TI-30 LCD (1980) — the first LCD version
- TI-30 II (1982) — slimline format with the TI-30 key layout
- TI-30 III (1984)
- TI-30 Solar+(1987) — powered on only solar energy
- TI-30 Stat (1988) — added basic statistical functions
- TI-30 Galaxy — part of a line of landscape-aspect calculators from the mid-1980s
- TI-30X (1993) — the X signifies an expanded 10 digit display (from the original 8)
- TI-30Xa (1994) — added the constant key to the TI-30X
- TI-30Xa (rev 1996) — Introduced a more modern, smoothed design. Currently the bottom of the TI-30 line, the Xa has a standard one-line, 10+2 digit display. The solar-powered eco RS model is available only in Europe.
- TI-30Xa Solar School Edition (2004) — A modified version of the TI-30Xa, without the fraction buttons. This calculator is approved for Virginia State Testing.
- TI-30X II (1999) — added a two-line, scrollable display and a D-pad for navigating previous results
- TI-30X IIS (2003) and TI-30X IIB (2004)— solar/battery or battery powered. These updated versions of the TI-30XII use LEDs.
- TI-30XS and TI-30XB MultiView (2007) — first non-graphing TI calculators with a dot-matrix display; able to display expressions in textbook-style notation. Uses a command syntax similar to TI-BASIC, but with no programming capability.
- TI-30X Pro and TI-36X Pro MultiView (2011) — in addition to the TI-30XS and TI-30XB MultiView it features a solver, availability to calculate matrices, vectors, complex numbers and convert different units. The TI-36X Pro is an updated version of the European model, the TI-30X Pro MultiView, which was taken off the market shortly after its release in 2010 for programming errors.
- TI-30XB Multiview
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Original TI-30 model (ca. 1979) with LED display -
TI-30X SOLAR -
TI-30 Stat -
TI-30X IIS
