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T (hieroglyph)

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X1
t
(or "feminine")

Bread bun
"semicircle"
in hieroglyphs
(detailed) Close-up of hieroglyphs; 2 uses of t.

The ancient Egyptian Bread bun hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. X1 for the side view of a bread bun. It is also the simple shape of a semicircle. The hieroglyph is listed under the Gardiner category of loaves and cakes.

The bread bun hieroglyph is used in the Ancient Egyptian language hieroglyphs for the alphabetic consonant letter t.[1] A later alternative t, is a pestle, with curved top, Gardiner U33.
U33

"Bread bun/semi-circle" as feminine determiner

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Besides alphabetic-t, the bread bun is used for words that are feminine, as an end qualifying determinant, often shown before other qualifying ideograms or determinants in the hieroglyphic word block-(quadrat hieroglyphic block). It is one of the most frequently used signs in hieroglyphic writing.

Palermo Stone

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The t hieroglyph is used extensively throughout the Palermo Stone of the 24th to 23rd century BC, and it is used in the first row (Row I of VI), for the naming of King Tiu of Lower Egypt (a King of the North).

Palermo Stone, King Series, Row I (predynastic)

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The following is the list of predynastic pharaohs (Nile Delta north) represented on the Palermo Piece of the 7–piece Palermo Stone: The sequence is in the proper order with the beginning Pharaoh on the right: (reading right-to-left, seven complete names pictured in year-registers):


 
G17
F32
 
M13
K5
 
N35
U14
 
V13
N39
 
X1 M17
G43
 
L6
E9
 
S29
D28

Note: On the Palermo Stone all the hieroglyphs face in the other direction (Gardiner signs are only facing left; on the stone they face right (reading right-to-left)). The source of the following Pharaohs is only from this King List; a few have artifacts that further confirm their reign (the Double Falcon King). The pharaohs deficient in information are: Hsekiu, Khayu, Tiu (pharaoh), Thesh, Neheb, Wazner, Mekh.

Preceded by
 

(start
of T)
X1

Breadbun
or
"feminine"

t
Succeeded by
N16

Land

ti

The Egyptian hieroglyph alphabetic letters

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The following two tables show the Egyptian uniliteral signs. (24 letters, but multiple use hieroglyphs)

a
G1
y
M17M17
'
D36
(w,u)
G43
B
b
P
p
M
G17
N
N35
R
D21
H1
h
H2
H
Kh2
F32
S
O34
(Sh)=Š
N37
Q/K2
N29
K
k
T
t
ChTj
V13
D
d
Dj
I10
L/(R)
(special)
(Ptolemaic,
etc.)
E23
-- -- -- --
a i
(ee)
y
ii
'
ah, (aïn)
w, (u)
(oo)
B
P F M N R H1
H2 (Kh)1 (Kh)2 S Sh
(Sh)
K
emphatic
K G T Tj
Ch
Tsh
D Dj
(additionally 4
for vert/horiz)
-- -- -- -- --
Aa15

M
(horiz)
M2-Plinth
S3

N
(vert)
(see:
N (red crown))
S29

S
(vert)
S (folded)
cloth)

M
(3rd-M
-2nd-vert)
M3-Baker's tool
(vertical)
(additionally 3
for equivalents)
-- -- -- -- --
M17M17(2 reeds)

is—
Z4(2 strokes)

y2-Two strokes
G43(quail)

is—
Z7(coil)

letter w, u
(see w2-Coil)
U33

T
(no. 2)
T2-Pestle

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, uniliteral: U23, p. 62-63.

Bibliography

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  • Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, Ruth Schumann-Antelme, and Stéphane Rossini. c 1998, English trans. 2002, Sterling Publishing Co. (Index, Summary lists (tables), selected uniliterals, biliterals, and triliterals.) (softcover, ISBN 1-4027-0025-3)