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History Section

The history section only describes zaibatsus and their dissolution (or lack thereof), but says nothing about how this led to the formation of keiretsu. In fact, this section is copied almost verbatim from the zaibatsu article. But it is not as if the keiretsu structure was the only logical alternative/successor to the zaibatsu, with such an obvious connection that it doesn't even need to be explained. A proper history section would explain how the keiretsu came into being and then became commonplace, not just what came before. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:CEAE:E60:A42C:47D7:7C60:E0C9 (talk) 19:48, 7 May 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Yamori's comment on this article

Dr. Yamori has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:


I am not familiar with a name “Jump-style keiretsu.” If this is often used in the literature, please cite some reference.

Section “in Japan” a Table lists members of several Keiretsu. It is better to make clear when the data is collected and where the data describe. For example, Weinstein and Yafeh (1995) used two definitions of keiretsu firms. The first one is Dodwell Marketing Consultants’ Industrial Groupings in Japan. The second is Keizai Chosa Kyokai’s Keiretsu no Kenkyu was used, which has unfortunately not been updated since 2000.

Furthermore, the following description by Helwege and Packer (2003) may be useful to understand bank-centered keiretsu.

A number of major banks in Japan have managerial ties to and equity stakes in the firms to which they lend. The banks with these ties are usually part of those corporate groupings in Japan known as keiretsu. A body of empirical evidence suggests that the existence of a strong relationship with a keiretsu bank may reduce the agency costs of debt and the costs of financial distress (Prowse, 1990; Hwang and Kim, 1998; Hoshi et al., 1990). More specifically, some scholars have proposed that the keiretsu bank in Japan screens financially distressed firms for suitability for reorganization (Suzuki and Wright, 1985; Aoki, 1994; Sheard, 1994). The keiretsu banks usually have more information about their clients through their board connections, shareholdings, and bank accounts.


Helwege, Jean, and Frank Packer “Determinants of the choice of bankruptcy procedure in Japan,” Journal of Financial Intermediation 12 (2003) 96–120

Weinstein DE and Yafeh, Y, “JAPAN CORPORATE GROUPS - COLLUSIVE OR COMPETITIVE - AN EMPIRICAL-INVESTIGATION OF KEIRETSU BEHAVIOR” JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS 43(4) 359-376 DEC 1995.


We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

Dr. Yamori has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article:


  • Reference : Yamori, Nobuyoshi & Harimaya, Kozo, 2010. "Efficiency in the Japanese trust banking industry: A stochastic distance function approach," MPRA Paper 21381, University Library of Munich, Germany.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 12:57, 7 June 2016 (UTC)