Tamasna

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Tamasna
تامسنا
ⵜⴰⵎⴻⵙⵏⴰ
Historical region
Barghwata people (blue).
Barghwata people (blue).
CountryMorocco
Racial makeup
 • Arabsmaj.
 • Berbersmin.

Tamasna (Arabic: تامسنا, Berber: ⵜⴰⵎⴻⵙⵏⴰ) is a historical region between Bou Regreg and Tensift. It includes the following regions: Chaouia, Doukkala, Abda, Rhamna, Sraghna and Chiadma. The indigenous population is that of Barghwata who were driven by the Almohads who installed the Bedouin Arabs.[1],[2],[1]

Tribal composition

Further information: Western Morocco Arabic

The inhabitants is mostly Arabs and Arabic-speaking:

Genetics

J (L222.2)

J (L222.2)

Arabs of Morocco are a 20% J (L222.2), a accounts for the majority of (L147.1) in Saudi Arabia, Sudan & a primary element in North Africa. Seems to be an exclusively Adnani marker.[3]

E1b1b (V22)

E1b1b (M81), E1b1b (V22) and E1b1b (V65)

Arabs of Morocco are a 40% E1b1b (V22), another lineage to expand out of Egypt. Found in various ethnic groups with a peaking frequency in Sudan & Egypt.[4]

E1b1b (V65)

Arabs of Morocco are a 30% E1b1b (V65), a marker of the Ancient Libyan tribes, marker of medieval expansion into Morocco joining Banu Hilal tribes once they reached Libya.[4]

E1b1b (M81)

Arabs of Morocco are a 30% E1b1b (M81), a Proto-Berber marker E1b1b1b1a1 (M107) A reduced Proto-Berber lineage in Mali.[5]

The map shows that the Arabs of Morocco are close Mozabites, Egyptians and Bedouins.

Historical fact

Between the Nile and the Red Sea were living Arab tribes expelled of Arabia for their turbulence, Banu Hilal and Sulaym, whose presence was very painful for farmers in the Nile Valley because the Arabs often came plunder.[6]

According to Ibn Khaldun, whole tribes set off with women, children, ancestors, animals and camping equipment.[6]

Population n A/B E-M33 E-V38 E-M35* E-M78 E-M81 E-M123 G J-P209 R1 Reference
Morocco 87 — — 9.2 — 5.7 52.8 — — 26.4 — Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2013[7]
Morocco 159 — — — 7 — 49 — — 10 — Aboukhalid et al. 2010[8]
Morocco 221 — 1.8 4.5 4 6.8 65 — — 9 4 Fregel et al. 2009[9]
Morocco 51 4 6 — 6 6 55 — — 20 4 Onofri et al. 2008[10]
Morocco 176 — — 6.3 5.1 6.3 63.6 — — 13.6 2.8 Bosch et al. 2001[11]
Morocco 28 — — 7.1 — 3.6 3.6 — — 60.7 17.8 Underhill et al. 2000[12]
Arabs (Morocco) 49 — — — — 42.9 32.6 — — 20.4 — Semino et al. 2004[13]
Arabs (Morocco) 44 — — 6.8 2.2 11.3 52.2 — — 15.9 6.8 Bosch et al. 2001[11]
Arabs (Morocco) 54 — — — — 38.9 31.5 — — — — Cruciani et al. 2004[14]
Arabs (Morocco) 55 — — — — 40 — — — — — Cruciani et al. 2007[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b S. Lévy, Pour une histoire linguistique du Maroc, dans Peuplement et arabisation au Maghreb occidental: dialectologie et histoire, 1998, pp.11-26 (ISBN 84-86839-85-8)
  2. ^ cf. Marçais, Les Arabes en Berbérie, p. 523 sq. et 532 sq.
  3. ^ "The Genetic Atlas". thegeneticatlas.com. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  4. ^ a b "The Genetic Atlas - E1b1b Meditid mutative history". www.thegeneticatlas.com. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  5. ^ "The Genetic Atlas - E1b1b Meditid mutative history". thegeneticatlas.com. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  6. ^ a b "Ibn Khaldun, laudateur et contempteur des Arabes - persee.fr". www.persee.fr. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  7. ^ Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2013, Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa
  8. ^ Aboukhalid et al. 2010, Y Chromosomal SNP Analysis Using the Minisequencing Strategy in a Moroccan Population Samples
  9. ^ Fregel et al. 2009, Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European.
  10. ^ Onofri et al. 2008, Y-chromosome markers distribution in Northern Africa: High-resolution SNP and STR analysis in Tunisia and Morocco populations
  11. ^ a b Bosch et al. 2001, High-resolution analysis of humanY-chromosome variation shows a sharp discontinuity and limited gene flow between Northwestern Africa and the IberianPeninsula.
  12. ^ Underhill et al. 2000, Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations.
  13. ^ Semino, O.; Magri, C.; Benuzzi, G.; Lin, A. A.; Al-Zahery, N.; Battaglia, V.; MacCioni, L.; Triantaphyllidis, C.; Shen, P. (2004). "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 1023–34. doi:10.1086/386295. PMC 1181965. PMID 15069642.
  14. ^ Cruciani et al. 2004, Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa.
  15. ^ Cruciani et al. 2007, Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12.
  • S. Lévy, Pour une histoire linguistique du Maroc, dans Peuplement et arabisation au Maghreb occidental: dialectologie et histoire, 1998, pp. 11–26
  • cf. Marçais, Les Arabes en Berbérie, p. 523 sq. et 532 sq.

Notes

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