View source for Tatyana Zaslavskaya

{{Short description|Russian sociologist and economist (1927–2013)}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Tatyana Zaslavskaya
| image              = Tatiana Zaslavskaya.jpg
| image_size         = 
| caption            = Zaslavskaya in 2011
| native_name        = Татьяна Заславская
| birth_name         = Tatyana Ivanovna Zaslavskaya
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1927|04|09}}
| birth_place        = [[Kyiv]], [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2013|08|23|1927|04|09}}
| death_place        = [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
| death_cause        = 
| native_name_lang   = ru
| other_names        = 
| education          = 
| employer           = 
| occupation         = Sociologist, economist
| partner            = 
| children           = 
| parents            = 
| relatives          = 
| signature          = 
| website            = 
| footnotes          = 
| nationality        = [[Soviet Union]], then [[Russian Federation]]
}}
'''Tatyana Ivanovna Zaslavskaya''' ({{langx|ru|Татьяна Ивановна Заславская}}, April 9, 1927 &ndash; August 23, 2013) was a Russian economic sociologist and a theoretician of [[perestroika]]. She was the prime author of the [[Novosibirsk Report]] and several books on the [[economy of the Soviet Union]] (specializing in [[agriculture]]) and in [[sociology]] of the countryside. She was a member of the Consulting Committee to the [[President of Russia]] from 1991 to 1992 and also a member of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]. Zaslavskaya was the founder of [[Russian Public Opinion Research Center|RPORC]] and also its director in the years from 1987 to 1992. In 2000 she was the Laureate of the [[Demidov Prize]] and the honorary president of the [[Levada Center]].

==Biography==
Tatyana Zaslavskaya was born in [[Kyiv]] in 1927 and brought up in Moscow.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/10/tatyana-zaslavskaya-obituary|title=Tatyana Zaslavskaya obituary|last=Davydova|first=Irina|date=2013-09-10|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref> She studied at the Physics Department of [[Moscow State University]] for three years, and then graduated from the Economics Department of the University in 1950. She finished her post-graduate study at the Institute of Economics of the [[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]] with the degree of [[Candidate of Sciences|Kandidat]] in 1956 under the supervision of Professor [[Vladimir Venzher]] (Владимир Григорьевич Венжер). In 1963 she joined the [[Novosibirsk]] Institute of Economics headed by [[Abel Aganbegyan]] (Абел Аганбегян) to work in a command of young and talented scientists. In 1965 she did her [[Doctor (title)|Doctorate]] in [[Economics]] and in 1968 she was elected an Associate Member (член-корреспондент) of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

==Research==

The analysis of the economic situation in Soviet agriculture led Zaslavskaya to the conclusion that the revealed problems cannot be explained without sociological analysis, which bordered with [[blasphemy]] within the canonical [[Marxism|Marxist]] science, which postulated that the development of the society is derived from the economical relations, and not vice versa. At these times Soviet [[sociology]] was under the tight scrutiny of the Communist Party (from the position of [[bourgeois pseudoscience]] through a brief period of liberalisation during the [[Khrushchev Thaw]] to sharp criticism during the [[Leonid Brezhnev]] era). The remoteness and relative scientific freedom of the young department of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union at Novosibirsk allowed Zaslavskaya to do her research in sociology of the agricultural sector by studying the [[Siberia]]n countryside, [[Altai Krai]] in particular.

In the later years of the Soviet Union accurate detailed information regarding conditions in Soviet agriculture was considered a state secret when not censored outright. A major breach in security occurred in 1983 when the details of a classified paper, "for internal use only", the report from the closed conference in Novosibirsk by Tatyana Zaslavskaya regarding the crisis in Soviet agriculture, were published in [[The Washington Post|''The'' ''Washington Post'']].<ref name=":0" /> It was called "{{Lang|ru|О совершенствовании социалистических производственных отношений и задачах экономической социологии}}" ("About the perfection of socialist relations of production and problems of economic sociology") and was next to the [[United States]] also published in [[Germany]]. In the USSR all copies of the “Novosibirsk manifesto” were withdrawn by the [[KGB]]. Later it became known as the [[Novosibirsk Report]] in the West and was often considered one of the first signs of [[perestroika]].<ref name=":0" /> Although expressed in terms of Marxist theory, this paper—an outline of a proposed research project to study the social mechanisms of economic development as exemplified in Siberian agriculture—was sharply critical of current conditions.<ref>''The Second Socialist Revolution'', pages xii-xiii</ref> Zaslavskaya was the author of a number of works in [[Russian language|Russian]] which deal with economics and social conditions in Soviet agriculture although some of her work was suppressed by Soviet censors. For example, ''The Methodology of Comparing Labour Productivity in Agriculture in the USSR and the USA'', written together with M.I. Sidorova, was suppressed due to its pessimistic results.<ref>''The Second Socialist Revolution'', page 33</ref>

In 1988 Zaslavskaya came back to Moscow for the formation of the [[Russian Public Opinion Research Center]], which she was the director of until 1992. Afterwards she became the honorable president of RPORC and later the honorable president of the Analytical Center of Yuri Levada (the [[Levada Center]] since 2004).

In 1993 she became the co-president of the Interdisciplinary academic center of social sciences (Russian: {{Lang|ru|Интерцентра}}). Since 1993 the "Intercenter" has been carrying out ten annual international conferences concerning the question: "Where is Russia going?" under Zaslavskaya's direction. Many representatives of different sciences (historians, jurists, sociologists, economists, political scientists, culturologists, and philosophers) participate in these conferences debating topics such as a better judgment of the [[Post-communism|post-communist]] transformation processes or modern problems and prospects of development of the Russian society.

Zaslavskaya's arguments evolved over time. In the ''Second Socialist Revolution'' she imagined the possibility that the USSR was experiencing a democratic revolution that would make Russia genuinely socialist. In the next two decades she puzzled over the form and nature of the transition that actually took place in Russia arguing in 1999 that it was some kind of revolution but then in 2002 concluding that "there was no new social revolution in Russia." She saw social change as occurring through crises involving "random transformation" as in the 1990s the Yelt'sin group lost control of the situation. This led her to try to devise various analyses of social groupings and models of change which tended to description and classification.<ref>T.Zaslavskaia, 'On the social mechanism of post communist transformation', Sociological Research, vol. 42 no.6, 2002, 00. 69-90.</ref>

She died in 2013 having left her role as a member of parliament twenty years before to teach and write. She was survived by her husband Mikhail and her daughter Oksana.<ref name=":0" />

==Memberships and awards==

* Member of: Academy of Europe, European-Mediterranean Academy, honorary member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the doctor of philosophy of Oberlin college, member of the International sociological institute.
* Winner of: the {{ill|Karpinsky award|ru|Премия имени Карпинского}} <ref name="ISRAN">{{cite web |title=Tatyana Zaslavskaya |url=http://isaran.ru/?q=ru/person&guid=7FFC9D91-E6E9-8544-9483-D1D169C41F81 |website=Archives of Russian Academy of Sciences |language=Russian}}</ref> (Fund Tyopfera, 1989, Germany), the [[Demidov Prize]]<ref name="ISRAN" /> (Demidovsky fund, 2000, [[Russia]], [[Yekaterinburg]]), founder of the Novosibirsk economic-sociological school.
* She received Soviet orders: [[Order of the Badge of Honour]] (1972), [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] (1975), [[Order of Friendship of Peoples]] (1981), and [[Order of the October Revolution]] (1987).<ref name="ISRAN" />

== References ==
<References />

== Publications ==

* Tatyana Zaslavskaya, ''The Second Socialist Revolution: An Alternative Soviet Strategy'', US edition: (in "The Second World" book series) Indiana University Press, (1990), 241 pages, {{ISBN|0-253-36860-X}}, {{ISBN|0-253-20614-6}} (paperback)
* "The Novosibirsk Report", ''Survey'', vol. 28 (1984), no. 1 pp.&nbsp;83–109.
* "The structure of social change in Russia. The purpose and the results of Russian reforms," ''Russian Social Science Review'', vol. 43 no.3, (2002) Translation from ''Obshchestvo i ekonomika'', 1999 (3-4).
* "The socio-structural aspect of the transformation of Russian society", ''Sociological Research'', vol. 41 no. 6, (2002). Translation from ''Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia'', 2001(8) of Demidov lecture.
* "On the social mechanism of post communist transformation in Russia",''Sociological Research'', vol. 42 no. 6, (2003). Translation from ''Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia'', 2002(8).
* "Contemporary Russian society", ''Sociological Research'', vol. 45 no. 4, (2006). Translation from ''Obschestvennye nauki i sovremennost'', 2004(5).

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zaslavskaya, Tatyana}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Russian economists]]
[[Category:21st-century Russian economists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kyiv]]
[[Category:Academicians of the Russian Academy of Agriculture Sciences]]
[[Category:Academicians of the VASKhNIL]]
[[Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of Academia Europaea]]
[[Category:Moscow State University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Novosibirsk State University]]
[[Category:Demidov Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
[[Category:Russian political scientists]]
[[Category:Russian women economists]]
[[Category:Russian women sociologists]]
[[Category:Soviet economists]]
[[Category:Soviet sociologists]]
[[Category:Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering scientists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration]]