Texians
Texians (also known as Texasians, Texilingans, Texicans, and Texonians) were residents of Mexican Texas and, later, the Republic of Texas. While the term "Texian" continued to be used to refer to residents of this region after its annexation by the United States of America in 1845, residents of the U.S. state of Texas soon became known as Texans instead.[1]
History
Colonial settlement
Many different immigrant groups came to Texas over the centuries. There was Spanish immigration in the 17th century, French and English in the 18th century, and massive German, Dutch, Swedish, Irish, Scottish, Scots-Irish, and Welsh immigration in the years leading up to Texas independence in the 19th century. Thus, the word Texian is not specific to white immigrants or English-speaking immigrants that settled the land. So, before Texas became a sovereign nation in 1836, Texian referred to any resident, of any color or language.[2]
In 1834–36, the Texian Army was organized for the Texas Revolution of independence from Mexico, a nation which had won its independence from Spain a dozen or so years earlier. The Texian Army was a diverse group of people from many different nations and states. The Texian Army was made up of native-born Tejano volunteers,[3]: 24 volunteers from the Southern United States; and people from England, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Portugal, and what is now the Czech Republic.[4] Used in this sense, terms like "Texian Army", "Texian forces", or "Texian troops" would refer to any of the inhabitants of Texas, in that era, who participated in the Texas Revolution.
Texians of the Republic of Texas 1836 to 1846
Texian was a popular demonym, used by Texas colonists, for all the people of the Republic of Texas, before it became a U.S. state.[1] This term was used by early colonists and public officials, including many Texas residents,[1] and President Mirabeau Lamar frequently used it to foster Texas nationalism.[1]
In reality, it was the Anglo-Americans who gradually championed the usage of "Texan". Overwhelming numbers in the United States used the term Texan; and due to the massive 19th-century influx of Americans into the Republic/U.S. state of Texas, Texan[5] became the standard term after 1850.[1] The Texas Almanac of 1857 bemoaned the shift in usage, saying "Texian ... has more euphony, and is better adapted to the conscience of poets who shall hereafter celebrate our deeds in sonorous strains than the harsh, abrupt, ungainly, appellation, Texan—impossible to rhyme with anything but the merest doggerel."[6]: 176 The Almanac continued to use the earlier term until 1868. Indeed, many who had lived through the times of Revolution and Republic continued to call themselves Texians into the 20th century.
See also
- Tejano, the Hispanic-American citizens of the state and former Republic.
- Texan (disambiguation)
References
- ^ a b c d e Fletcher, Herbert. TEXIAN. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 0-87611-151-7. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/txweb/txwebmain.htm
- ^ del la Teja, Jesus (1991), A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin, Austin, TX: State House Press, ISBN 0-938349-68-6
- ^ Todish, Timothy J.; Todish, Terry; Spring, Ted (1998), Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution, Austin, TX: Eakin Press, ISBN 978-1-57168-152-2
- ^ Fletcher, Herbert. TEXAN. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 0-87611-151-7. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ The Texas Almanac, for 1857, with Statistics, Historical and Biographical Sketches, &c., Relating to Texas (A 1966 facsimile reproduction by A. H. Belo Corporation, Dallas, Texas ed.). Galveston: Richardson and Company. 1857. OCLC 17157372.
External links
- Texian from the Handbook of Texas Online
- The Texian Legacy Association site
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