The Owl Answers
| The Owl Answers | |
|---|---|
| Written by | Adrienne Kennedy |
| Characters | She Bastard's Black Mother Goddam Father The White Bird The Negro Man Shakespeare Chaucer William the Conqueror |
| Date premiered | 1965 |
| Place premiered | The White Barn Theatre, Westport, CT. |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | Race-relations Mortality Memory Identity |
| Genre | Avant-garde |
| Setting | New York Subway Tower of London Harlem hotel room St. Peter's |
The Owl Answers is a short one-act experimental drama by Adrienne Kennedy. It premiered in 1965 at The White Barn Theatre in Westport, CT.[1][2] The play was Kennedy’s second, coming one year after her most famous piece, the Obie award winning, Funnyhouse of a Negro. Subsequent productions have been produced as part of a two act show, Cities in Bezique, along with another one-act of Kennedy's; A Beast Story.[3]
Summary
An African-American girl dreams of establishing a heritage and imagines she is applying to bury her father in Westminster Cathedral. Historical figures scorn her: whoever heard of a black person with such a heritage? Her father was white, she protests, and her mother was his family's cook. As a child she had to enter through the back door when she wanted to visit him.[4]
Characters
- She who is Clara Passmore who is the Virgin Mary who is the Bastard who is the Owl
- Bastard’s Black Mother who is the Reverend's Wife who is Anne Boleyn
- Goddam Father who is the Richest White Man in the Town who is Reverend Passmore
- The White Bird who is Reverend Passmore's Canary who is God's Dove
- The Negro Man
- Shakespeare
- Chaucer
- William the Conqueror
Setting
The scene of the play travels seamlessly between a New York subway, the Tower of London, a Harlem hotel room, and St. Peter's. In each case, the scene is shaped like a subway car, filled with the sounds of the subway and utilize the common structures of a subway car.
Themes
Identity, mortality, memory, and race relations.
Reception
Though being a companion piece to Funnyhouse of a Negro,[5][6] The Owl Answers is most commonly seen in tandem with another of Kennedy's plays; A Beast's Story. This tandem was subsequently renamed Cities in Bezique when it traveled to Off-Broadway.
“With Beckett gone, Kennedy is probably the boldest artist now writing for the theatre.” -Michael Feingold, critic for the Village Voice, on The Owl Answers.[7]
Walter Kerr reviewed the Off-Broadway production for the New York Times. He had this to say, "It is conceivable that this is a kind of theatre and that by simply immersing ourselves in it, without asking rational questions of it or trying to force it into some other shape, we might find ourselves clothed by the rain of images, fed by the accumulating overlay. I wouldn't rule the possibility out, any more than I'd wave away Miss Kennedy as a writer: There is a spare, unsentimental intensity about her that promises to drive a dagger home some day."[8]
After a 2016 incarnation of the play, in which The Owl Answers was paired with Dutchman, at the Penumbra Theatre in St. Paul, MN, reviewer from Minnesota Monthly, Laura Schmidt, had this to say, "The Owl Answers, directed by Talvin Wilks, is bold but unconventional, addressing gender, race, and identity. With the script’s opening direction of “The scene is a New York subway car is the Tower of London is a Harlem hotel room in St. Peter’s,” it’s clear that playwright Adrienne Kennedy created an impossible world to stage. And this staging of The Owl Answers comes about as close to Kennedy’s wild imagination as possible. With a rotating stage, lifting panels, and fall-away walls, the subway car becomes supernatural. Masked figures with wings creepily saunter around the stage in elaborate costumes, their echoing voices filling the stage. But despite these elements and an emotional performance from Van as the character of She, the nonexistent narrative of Kennedy’s incredibly abstract text weighs down the production, making it almost incomprehensible by the end." She goes on to say that, "In the 60s these shows were meant to boil blood, to provoke, to push back against violent racism. It feels like both these shows have accomplished the same task almost 50 years later, even if one succeeds in addressing this more strongly than the other." [9]
Productions
- Premiere: 1965: White Barn Theatre; Westport, Connecticut. Directed by Michael Kahn.[1]
- Off-Broadway Premiere: 1969: Staged with A Beast’s Story; retitled Cities in Bezique.[10]
- 2013: Columbia University.[11]
- 2016: Penumbra Theatre.[12]
- 2016: Fordham University.[13]
References
- ^ a b Kennedy, Adrienne (1988). Adrienne Kennedy in ONE ACT. Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota Press. p. 25. ISBN 0-8166-1691-4.
- ^ Andrews, William L.; Foster, Frances Smith; Harris, Trudier (2001-02-15). The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 243. ISBN 9780198031758.
- ^ Kennedy, Adrienne (1969-01-01). Cities in Bezique: Two one-act plays. S. French.
- ^ "Owl Answers, The | Samuel French". www.samuelfrench.com. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Cervenak, Sarah Jane (2014-08-18). "Writing Under a Spell:Adrienne Kennedy's Theater". Wandering: Philosophical Performances of Racial and Sexual Freedom. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822376347.
- ^ Overbeck, Lois More (1992-01-01). Intersecting Boundaries: The Theatre of Adrienne Kennedy. U of Minnesota Press. p. 26. ISBN 9781452900353.
- ^ "The Theater of Adrienne Kennedy | A.R.T. - American Repertory Theater". americanrepertorytheater.org. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ "Some Day Adrienne Kennedy Will. . ". The New York Times. 1969-01-19. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^ "Review: 'Dutchman' and 'The Owl Answers' at Penumbra Theatre". www.minnesotamonthly.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^ Salem, James M. (1984-01-01). A Guide to Critical Reviews: American drama, 1909-1982. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810816909.
- ^ "Review: The Owl Answers". Bwog. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^ "Talkin' Broadway Regional News & Reviews - "Dutchman" and "The Owl Answers" - 3/6/16". www.talkinbroadway.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^ Duane, Olson Jacob. "The Owl Answers (And Sun)". www.fordham.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-21.