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{{About|scaled-down images|the body part|Nail (anatomy)}} |
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{{selfref|For information about how to create thumbnails in Wikipedia, see [[Wikipedia:Picture tutorial]].}} |
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'''Thumbnails''' are reduced-size versions of [[picture]]s, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text [[index (publishing)|index]] does for words. In the age of [[digital image]]s, visual [[search engine]]s and image-organizing programs normally use thumbnails, as do most modern operating systems or desktop environments, such as [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Mac OS X]], [[KDE]] ([[Linux]]) and [[GNOME]] ([[Linux]]). |
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==Implementation== |
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Thumbnails are ideally implemented on web pages as separate, smaller copies of the original image, in part because one purpose of a thumbnail image on a web page is to reduce [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] and download time. Some web designers produce thumbnails with [[HTML]] or client-side scripting that makes the user's browser shrink the picture, rather than use a smaller copy of the image. This results in no saved bandwidth, and the visual quality of browser resizing is usually less than ideal. |
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Displaying a significant part of the picture instead of the full frame can allow the use of a smaller thumbnail while maintaining recognizability. For example, when thumbnailing a full-body [[portrait]] of a person, it may be better to show the face slightly reduced than an indistinct figure. However, this may mislead the viewer about what the image contains, so is more suited to artistic presentations than searching or catalogue browsing. |
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In 2002, the court in the US case ''[[Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corporation]]'' ruled that it was [[fair use]] for [[Internet]] [[search engine]]s to use thumbnail images to help web users find what they seek. |
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==Etymology== |
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[[File:Human Thumbnail.JPG|thumb|80px|A human [[nail (anatomy)|thumbnail]], from which the word "thumbnail" derives its meaning.]] |
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The word "thumbnail" is a reference to the human [[nail (anatomy)|thumbnail]] and alludes towards the small size of the image or picture, comparable to the size of the human thumbnail.<ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary">{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=thumbnail|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|accessdate=2010-03-05|publisher=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]}}</ref><ref name="AllWords.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.allwords.com/word-thumbnail.html|title=AllWords.com|accessdate=2010-03-05}}</ref> While the earliest use of the word in this sense dates back to the 17th century,<ref name="Random House Word of the Day">{{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19971211|title=Random House Word of the Day|accessdate=2010-03-05}}</ref> is reported to have documented that the expression first appears in the mid-19th century to refer to 'a drawing the size of the thumbnail'.<ref name="Podictionary">{{cite web|url=http://podictionary.com/?p=202 |title=OPodictionary|accessdate= 2010-03-05}}</ref> The word was then used figuratively, in both [[noun]] and [[adjective]] form, to refer to anything small or concise, such as a biographical essay. The use of the word "thumbnail" in the specific context of computer images as 'a small graphical representation, as of a larger graphic, a page layout, etc.' appears to have been first used in the 1980s.<ref name="Random House Word of the Day"/> |
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==Dimensions== |
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*The [[Denver Public Library]] Digitization and Cataloguing Program produces thumbnails that are 160 pixels in the long dimension.<ref>{{ cite web| title= About the Digitization and Cataloging Program at The Denver Public Library| url=http://photoswest.org/neh/036.htm | publisher= Photoswest.org | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20030704035848/http://photoswest.org/neh/036.htm| archivedate=2003-07-04| accessdate=2013-03-13| quote= Thumbnail files are designed to display quickly and allow multiple images to be displayed simultaneously on a monitor screen for browsing. Thumbnails are 160 pixels on the long-dimension.}}</ref> |
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*The [[California Digital Library]] Guidelines for Digital Images recommend 150-200 pixels for each dimension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/guidelines/bpgimages/reqs.html#guidelinesderiv |title=CDlib.org |publisher= [[California Digital Library]] |accessdate= 2013-03-13}}</ref> |
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*[[Picture Australia]] requires thumbnails to be 150 pixels in the long dimension.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.libraries.vic.gov.au/downloads/Victorias_Virtual_Library_Digital_Collection/digitisation.htm |title= Local History Digitisation Manual|publisher=Libraries.vic.gov.au |accessdate =2013-03-13}}</ref> |
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*The [[International Dunhuang Project]] Standards for Digitization and Image Management specifies a height of 96 pixels at 72 [[pixels per inch|ppi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idp.bl.uk/papers/standards.html |title=The International Dunhuang Project - Standards for Digitisation and Image Management |publisher=IDP.bl.uk |accessdate=2013-03-13}}</ref> |
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*[[DeviantArt]] automatically produces thumbnails that are maximum 150 pixels in the long dimension. |
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*[[Flickr]] automatically produces thumbnails that are a maximum 240 pixels in the long dimension, or smaller 75×75 pixels. It also applies [[unsharp mask]] to them. |
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*[[Picasa]] automatically produces thumbnails that are a maximum 144 pixels in the long dimension, or 160×160 pixels album thumbnails. |
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The term ''[[wikt:vignette|vignette]]'' is sometimes used to describe an image that is smaller than the original, larger than a thumbnail, but no more than 250 pixels in the long dimension. |
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==Thumbnail sketches== |
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[[File:Moaisvxd.jpg|thumb|Thumbnail sketches]] |
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[[Art director]]s and [[graphic design]]ers use the term "thumbnail sketch" to describe a small drawing on paper (usually part of a group) used to explore multiple ideas quickly. Thumbnail sketches are similar to [[doodle]]s, but may include as much detail as a small [[Pencil sketching|sketch]]. |
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==See also== |
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{{commons category|Thumbnails (images)}} |
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*[[Digital asset management]] |
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*[[Geograph Britain and Ireland]] |
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*[[Image]] |
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*[[Image organizer]] |
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*[[Contact print]], a [[Photographic film|film]] cognate of the thumbnail |
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*[[Thumbshots]] |
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*[[Thumbnail gallery post]], a type of website that links to galleries of thumbnails (usually pornographic or image search results) |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Computer graphics]] |
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[[Category:Graphic design]] |
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