Tingena crotala
| Tingena crotala | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male lectotype | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Oecophoridae |
| Genus: | Tingena |
| Species: | T. crotala
|
| Binomial name | |
| Tingena crotala | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Tingena crotala is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae.[2] It is endemic to New Zealand and is found both in the North and South Islands. This species inhabits native forest and is on the wing in November and December.
Taxonomy
[edit]This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1915 and named Borkhausenia crotala.[3] Meyrick was proposing the species name B. crotala for his conception of Walker's Oecophora contextella.[2][4] George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species under the name Borkhausenia plagiatella in his 1928 publication The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, having synonymised B. crotala in that publication.[5] Alfred Philpott also discussed this species under the name B. plagiatella.[6] In that publication Philpott recommended that the two forms encapsulated by the concepts B. crotala and B. plagiatella be separated on the basis of the differences in the male genitalia.[6] In 1988 J. S. Dugdale resurrected the species originally described by Meyrick in 1915 and placed it within the genus Tingena.[2] The male lectotype, collected in Dunedin, is held in the Natural History Museum, London.[2]
Description
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This species is variable in appearance.[2] T. crotala has a white scaled head.[2] Meyrick described his conception of Walker's B. contextella, later to be named B. crotala, as follows:
Male, female. — 13-15 mm. Head ochreous-white. Palpi white, second joint irrorated with dark fuscous except at apex, terminal joint with a cloudy dark fuscous submedian ring. Antennae grey. Thorax whitish or ochreous-white, anterior margin suffused with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs dark fuscous, middle tibiae with central and apical rings, hairs of posterior tibiae, and apex of all tarsal joints ochreous-whitish. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; white, irregularly irrorated with fuscous-grey ; a cloudy dark grey fascia from base of costa, and a second from costa at 1⁄4, confluent in middle and extending almost to inner margin at 1⁄3, mixed with ochreous at apex, and margined posteriorly by an oblique blackish streak below middle, sometimes connected with a blackish dot in disc before middle ; a cloudy dark grey fascia spot on costa at 4⁄5, giving rise to a curved cloudy blackish-grey transverse line to anal angle ; all these grey markings are sometimes partially suffused and confluent ; a cloudy dark grey apical spot : cilia white, irregularly mixed with dark grey, forming a cloudy spot at apex and anal angle. Hind-wings pale grey ; cilia grey-whitish.[4]
Distribution
[edit]T. crotala is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in Auckland, Waimarino, Christchurch, Dunedin, Invercargill, Lake Wakatipu.[7][3][1]
Behaviour
[edit]Adults are on the wing in November and December.[8]
Habitat
[edit]This species has been collected in native forest but is also said to have an affinity with Cupressus macrocarpa.[8] The larvae of this species feeds on leaf litter.[9]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 462. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC 973607714. OL 25288394M. Wikidata Q45922947.
- ^ a b c d e f g John Stewart Dugdale (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 101. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN 0111-5383. Wikidata Q45083134.
- ^ a b E. Meyrick (12 July 1915). "Revision of New Zealand Tineina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 47: 213. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q63123349.
- ^ a b Edward Meyrick (1884). "Descriptions of New Zealand Microlepidoptera. III. Oecophoridae". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 16: 37. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q63976486.
- ^ George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 270, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286
- ^ a b Alfred Philpott (1926). "List of New Zealand species of Borkhausenia (Oecophoridae: Lepidoptera), including new species". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 56: 401. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q110157185.
- ^ Clarke, Charles E. (9 August 1920). "Lepidoptera of Auckland and the King-country". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 52: 40. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q110226875.
- ^ a b Alfred Philpott (1917). "A list of the Lepidoptera of Otago". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 49: 230. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q63958657.
- ^ J. W. Early; J. S. Dugdale (January 1994). "Fustiserphus (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) parasitises Lepidoptera in leaf litter in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 21 (3): 249–252. doi:10.1080/03014223.1994.9517992. ISSN 0301-4223. Wikidata Q110163411.