Tom Mitchell (Irish politician)
Thomas James Mitchell[1] (born 29 July 1931) is an Irish republican. He was active in the Irish Republican Army and took part in a raid on Omagh barracks in 1954, being captured and imprisoned. While in gaol he was twice elected as a Member of the United Kingdom Parliament, but was disqualified and his elections overturned.
Omagh raid
Mitchell was born in Dublin, and was working there as a bricklayer in 1954. He took part in an unsuccessful IRA raid on a British Army barracks in Omagh, County Tyrone in October 1954,[2] and as a result received a sentence of ten years' imprisonment for treason felony.[3]
General election
While serving his sentence in Crumlin Road (HM Prison), Mitchell was nominated as a Sinn Féin candidate on an abstentionist platform for the Mid-Ulster constituency in the May 1955 UK general election. Mitchell won 29,737 votes, winning the election with a majority of 260. The 1955 elections were historic for Sinn Féin as it was the first time that the party had contested all constituencies in Northern Ireland since 1921, and the first time since 1918 that any Sinn Féin candidates had been elected for Northern Ireland constituencies in the British House of Commons.
The Forfeiture Act 1870 provided that anyone convicted of treason or felony and sentenced to a term of imprisonment exceeding twelve months was incapable of being elected to or sitting in the House of Commons.[4] On 18 July 1955 a resolution of the House of Commons, passed by 197 votes to 63, formally declared that Mitchell was covered by this provision, vacated his seat, and ordered that a by-election be held.[5] The ensuing by-election was held on 11 August. Mitchell once again stood as a candidate, facing the same Ulster Unionist Party opponent as in the general election. He won the election with an increased vote and a majority of 806.[6]
Election petition trial
On this occasion, his defeated opponent Charles Beattie lodged an election petition, claiming to have won on the basis that voters knew Mitchell to be disqualified and incapable of election and so had thrown away their votes.[7] Mitchell decided to attend the election court in person without legal representation, tackling the Deputy Governor of the Prison over his refusal to allow an election address to be sent out; the Deputy Governor explained that instructions from the Ministry of Home Affairs prevented it.[8] He made a lengthy address to the court on the second day, asserting that the people of Mid-Ulster were being put on trial and were about to be disfranchised.[9] As Mitchell knew was inevitable, the court declared that he was not duly elected, and award the seat to Beattie.[10]
Defeat
The following year, Beattie was himself disqualified from Parliament, as he held appointments which were legally 'offices of profit under the crown'; while an Act of Parliament could theoretically have validated his election, the Select Committee found it would be inappropriate given that the issue of qualification to be elected had been prominent in the by-election. A new by-election had to be held in the constituency, and Mitchell was again chosen as the Sinn Féin candidate.[11] On this occasion Mitchell was also opposed by the former MP for the seat, Michael O'Neill who was sponsored by the Irish Anti-Partition League. Mitchell and O'Neill split the nationalist vote and he was defeated at the polls on 8 May 1956 by George Forrest, who stood as an Independent Unionist candidate.
Later life
Running under the Independent Republican banner, Mitchell unsuccessfully attempted to retake the seat at the three subsequent general elections in 1959, 1964 and 1966. In the 1969 Mid-Ulster by-election he supported and canvassed for Bernadette Devlin.
In 2006, Mitchell delivered an oration at the funeral of veteran IRA member, Frank Morris.[12]
When the House of Commons authorities compiled a list of living former MPs in 2011, Mitchell's name was included on it.[13]
See also
List of United Kingdom MPs with the shortest service
References
- ^ http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/40493/pages/3160
- ^ Hanley, Brian, and Millar, Scott (2009). The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. , p. 13
- ^ "8 Men Sentenced For Barracks Raid", The Times, 16 December 1954, p. 5.
- ^ Parker's Election Agent and Returning Officer, Sixth Edition ed. by H.W. Wightwick and H.W. Wollaston, Charles Knight & Co, London, 1959, p. 49.
- ^ Hansard, HC 5ser vol 544 cols 33-84.
- ^ "Bigger Vote For Sinn Féin", The Times, 13 August 1955, p. 6.
- ^ "Ulster Unionists To Claim Seat", The Times, 17 August 1955, p. 8.
- ^ "Election Petition Hearing", The Times, 6 October 1955, p. 12.
- ^ "Ulster Election Petition", The Times, 7 October 1955, p. 5.
- ^ "Mid-Ulster M.P.", The Times, 8 October 1955, p. 3.
- ^ "Candidate Chosen For Third Time", The Times, 9 January 1956, p. 8.
- ^ "Frank Morris", An Phoblacht, 15 June 2006
- ^ "Living Former MPs" (PDF). 25 May 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.