Tomb of Seuthes III

The Tomb of Seuthes III is grave of King Seuthes lll, located near Kazanlak, Bulgaria. Seuthes III was the King of the Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace from ca. 331 BC to ca. 300 BC.

Design

The tomb has an impressive façade, an unusual 13-meter long entry corridor and three consecutive spacious rooms. The first room is rectangular and has a rainbow-shaped, double-pitched roof. A horse had been sacrificed in this chamber. The next room is circular and domed, while the third room is carved in a huge stone block and has double-pitched covering (resembling a sarcophagus). Inside, there is a modeled funeral bed.

History and Use

The tomb was originally a monumental temple at Golyama Kosmatka Mound, built in the second half of the Fifth Century B.C. After extended use as a temple, at the later part of the Third Century B.C., Seuthes lll was buried inside. The sarcophagus-chamber contained personal belongings that were necessary for the afterlife of the King. It includes knee pads, a gilded helmet with images, leather armour with a collar (plastron made of golden threads), a large sword and spears. There are bronze vessels, and three big ceramic amphora which were filled with thick Thracian wine. The floor and the ritual bed are covered by a carpet woven in gold thread. The total weight of the gold including all the objects is more than one kilogram. There are thirteen gold appliques for horse halters with images of human, animals and plants - objects which are rare in Thracian archaeology. Another two rectangular objects are golden with figures of standing warriors, used as a decoration for the sword sheath. There is a massive circular decoration for the King's armour. The handle of the rod is also golden. In the grave are placed golden vessels with two handles for drinking wine, also called kiliks, and a remarkable golden wreath with twigs, leaves and acorns and many other items.

After the funeral, the entrance to the first two rooms were walled, and the corridor was burned and filled with stones and soil. The façade was buried and hidden from view. Found at this site is a sculpted head believed to represent Seuthes III.