Toyota 3S-GE engine: Difference between revisions
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{{Mergeto|Toyota S engine|date=October 2008}} |
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The '''Toyota 3S-GE''' is an in-line 4 [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] engine manufactured by [[Toyota]] as part of the [[Toyota S engine|S engine]] family and tuned by [[Yamaha Motor Company]]. The cylinders are numbered 1-2-3-4 with cylinder number 1 beside the [[timing belt]]. The cylinder heads are made of aluminium alloy. The pent-roof [[combustion chamber]]s are complemented by a cross-flow intake and exhaust layout. The [[spark plug]] is located in the center of the combustion chamber. The ignition order of the cylinders is in the 1-3-4-2 order. |
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The [[crankshaft]], located within the crankcase, rotates on five aluminium alloy [[Bearing (mechanical)|bearings]] and is balanced by eight weights. Oil holes are located in the middle of the crankshaft to provide oil to the [[connecting rod]]s, bearing, [[piston]]s and other moving components. |
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The [[intake manifold]] has four independent ports and benefits from [[inertia]] build up to improve engine torque at low and medium speeds. |
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A single timing belt drives the intake and exhaust camshaft. The [[cam journal]] is supported on five points between the valve lifters of each cylinder and on the front of the cylinder head. The cam journals are lubricated by an oiler port located in the middle of the camshaft. |
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The "Outer Shim Type System" allows for the replacement of the shims without the need to remove the camshaft. To adjust the valve clearance, adjust the shims above the valve lifters. |
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The pistons are made from an aluminium alloy, designed to withstand high temperatures. An indentation is incorporated into the piston head to prevent the pistons from hitting the valves, should the timing belt break (this is not true of the 3S-GE BEAMS motor). This is sometimes referred to as a "non-interference" engine. Piston pins holding the pistons in place are locked by snap rings. |
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The first compression ring and the oil ring are made of [[steel]], the second compression ring is made of [[cast iron]]. Compression rings 1 and 2 prevent exhaust leakage from the combustion chamber while the oil ring works to clear oil off the cylinder walls, preventing excessive oil from entering the combustion chamber. |
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The cast iron [[cylinder block]] holds four cylinders which are approximately two times the length of the piston [[stroke]]. The top of the cylinders are covered by the [[cylinder head]]. Built into the cylinder block are coolant channels, which cool the block which houses the pistons. |
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At the bottom of the cylinder block is an oil pan which stores the oil. A baffle is used to ensure that there is sufficient oil available in the oil pan, as the oil moves around the reservoir during movement of the vehicle. This prevents oil from being shifted away from the oil pump suction pipe. |
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==History== |
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There are four generations of the 3S-GE, which were used in the [[Toyota Celica]], [[MR2]], [[Caldina]], and [[Altezza]]. All 3S-GE engines had a displacement of 2.0 L. Additionally, the [[Toyota 3S-GTE engine|3S-GTE]] engines are based on the 3S-GE platform. |
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===Gen 1=== |
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First generation 3S-GE was produced from 1986 to 1989, arriving in both Northern American versions, as well as In Japan as a second variation. The Northern American engine was slightly less powerful, producing around 135 bhp (101 kW). This engine was the only Gen 1 3S-GE to come to North America, in the [[Celica]] GT-S (ST162). Among other things, the [[Japanese domestic market|JDM]] version sported a more aggressive ECU and lacked the [[EGR valve]] system, pushing the output to somewhere around 150 bhp (112 kW) and 129 ft·lbf (175 Nm) of torque. |
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===Gen 2=== |
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The second generation was produced from 1990 to 1993, receiving a slight boost in output to 113 kW (154 PS). Peak torque went to 137 ft·lbf (186 N·m). It also proved to be a slightly more reliable engine. |
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The second generation also did-away with the [[T-VIS]] system, which was replaced by the ACIS ([[Acoustic Control Induction System]]), proving to be much more efficient. T-VIS was, however, retained on the second-generation 3S-GE's turbocharged counterpart. |
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===Gen 3=== |
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The third generation 3S-GE was produced from 1994 to 1999. Power output was increased to 177 bhp (132 kW, 180 PS) over the gen 2, while torque figures stayed the same. Non JDM 3S-GE motors received a minor revision in 1996 for emissions ([[EGR]]) which reduced power output to 173 bhp (125 kW, 170 PS) @ 7000 rpm. |
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===Gen 4=== |
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<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:18330.jpg|thumb|250px|BEAMS 3S-GE]] --> |
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[[Image:BEAMS 3S-GE Black Top.JPG|thumb|BEAMS 3S-GE 4th generation engine ("Black Top")]] |
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The fourth generation 3S-GE, also known as the BEAMS 3S-GE began production in 1997. The first version was equipped with [[VVT-i]] and produced 197 bhp (147 kW, 200 PS) @ 7000 rpm. It was available in a few models sold only in Japan - the [[MR2]] G and G-Limited, the [[Celica]] ST202 SS-II and SS-III and the [[Caldina]]. BEAMS is an acronym which stands for Breakthrough Engine with Advanced Mechanism System. |
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In 1998 a second version was released with dual VVT-i (variable timing on both the intake and exhaust cams), titanium valves, battery-backed injectors and a slightly higher compression ratio (11:1 instead of 10.5:1). This engine powered the [[Altezza]] RS200 and produced around 207 bhp (154 kW, 210 PS) @ 7600 rpm. |
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The two variants are easily identifiable by colour. The cam covers on the earlier model are red and on the later model, black. They are often referred to as the "Red Top" and the "Black Top" respectively. |
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The "Grey Top" BEAMS 3S-GE was an available engine option in the Rav4 and Caldina GT in Japan. Even though the valve cover on this engine is black, it is referred to as "Grey Top" due to the grey intake plenum to differentiate it from the Dual-VVTi "Black Top" in the Altezza. Power output is 177 bhp (132 kW, 180 PS) @ 6600 rpm. |
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==Specifications== |
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These are common to all 3S-G engines except for the BEAMS 3S-GE, which has a narrower valve angle. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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| Capacity |
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| {{Convert|1998|cc|2|abbr=on}} |
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|- |
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| Bore x Stroke |
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| {{Convert|86|mm|2|abbr=on}} x {{Convert|86|mm|2|abbr=on}} |
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|- |
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| Intake Valve Diameter |
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| {{Convert|33.5|mm|2|abbr=on}} |
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|- |
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| Exhaust Valve Diameter |
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| {{Convert|29.0|mm|2|abbr=on}} |
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|- |
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| Included Valve Angle |
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| 44.5 ° |
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|} |
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== External links == |
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{{commonscat|Toyota 3S-GE engine}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Toyota 3s-Ge Engine}} |
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[[Category:Toyota engines|S3-GE]] |
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[[ja:トヨタ・3S-GE]] |
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