Operation Trust

Operation Trust (операция "Трест") was a counterintelligence operation of the State Political Directorate (GPU) of the Soviet Union. The operation, which ran from 1921–1926, set up a fake anti-Bolshevik resistance organization, "Monarchist Union of Central Russia", MUCR (Монархическое объединение Центральной России, МОЦР), in order to help the OGPU identify real monarchists and anti-Bolsheviks.

The head of the MUCR was Alexander Yakushev (Александр Александрович Якушев), a former bureaucrat of the Ministry of Communications of Imperial Russia, who after the Russian Revolution joined the Narkomat of External Trade (Наркомат внешней торговли), when the Soviets began to allow the former specialists (called "spetsy", "спецы") to resume the positions of their expertise. This position allowed him to travel abroad and contact Russian emigrants.

MUCR kept the monarchist general Alexander Kutepov (Александр Кутепов) from active actions, as he was convinced to wait for the development of internal anti-Bolshevik forces. Kutepov originally believed terrorist action was necessary to defeat the Bolsheviks and formed the "combat organization," a militant splinter from the Russian Armed Services Union (Russkiy Obshcho­Voyenskiy Soyuz) led by General Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel

Kutepov also created the Inner Line as a counter intelligence organization to prevent Bolshevik penetrations. It caused the Cheka some problems but was not overly successful.

Among the successes of Trust was the luring of Boris Savinkov and Sidney Reilly into the Soviet Union to be arrested and executed.

Some modern researchers say that there are reasons to believe that both persons had doubts in MUCR, and they went into the Soviet Union for their own reasons, using MUCR as a pretext .

The Soviets did not organize Trust from scratch. The White Army had left sleeper agents and there were also Royalist Russians who did not leave after the Civil War. These people cooperated to the point of having a loose organizational structure. When the OGPU discovered them, they did not liquidate them, but expanded the organization for their own use.

Still another episode of the operation was an "illegal" trip (in fact, monitored by OGPU) of a notable emigré, Vasily Shulgin, into the Soviet Union. After his return he published a book "Three Capitals" with his impressions. In the book he wrote, in part, that contrary to his expectations, Russia was reviving, and the Bolsheviks would probably be removed from power.

The one Western historian who had limited access to the TREST files, John Costello, reported that they comprised thirty-seven volumes and were such a bewildering welter of double-agents, changed code names, and interlocking deception operations with "the complexity of a symphonic score," that Russian historians from the Intelligence Service had difficulty separating fact from fantasy.

Defector Vasili Mitrokhin reported that the TREST files were not housed at the SVR offices in Yasenevo, but were kept in the special archival collections (spetsfondi) of the FSB at the Lubyanka.

In 1967 a Soviet adventure TV sequel, Operation Trust (Операция "Трест") was created.

See also

• Political Warfare
• The Inner Line
• Pseudo-operations
• Hundred Flowers Campaign, China

Sources

• Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West, Gardners Books (2000), ISBN 0-14-028487-7
• John Costello and Oleg Tsarev, Deadly Illusions : The KGB Orlov Dossier Reveals Stalin's Master Spy, Crown Publishing, 1993. ISBN 0-517-58850-1
• Richard B. Spence Trust no One: The Secret World of Sidney Reilly, Feral House publ., 2003, ISBN 0-922915-79-2
• Gordon Brook-Shepherd Iron Maze. The Western Secret Services and the Bolsheviks, Macmillan 1998
• Pamela K. Simpkins and K. Leigh Dyer, The Trust, The Security and Intelligence Foundation Reprint Series, July 1989.