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{{About|the Stephenie Meyer novels|the film series|The Twilight Saga (film series)}} {{For|other uses|Twilight (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{Infobox book series
|name = Twilight
|image = [[File:The twilight saga hardback.jpg|260px|]]
|image_caption = Complete set of the four books<br /> of the ''Twilight'' series and the spin-off novella, ''The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner''.
|books = [[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]<br/>[[New Moon (novel)|New Moon]]<br/>[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]<br/>[[Breaking Dawn]]
|author = [[Stephenie Meyer]]
|country = United States<!-- Do not link, per WP:OVERLINK -->
|language = English<!-- Do not link, per WP:OVERLINK -->
|genre = [[Romance (novel)|Romance]], [[fantasy literature|fantasy]], [[young-adult fiction]]
|publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company]]
|pub_date = 2005–2008
|media_type = Print
}}
'''''Twilight''''' is a series of four [[vampire literature|vampire-themed]] [[fantasy]] [[romance novel]]s by American author [[Stephenie Meyer]]. It charts a period in the life of [[Bella Swan|Isabella "Bella" Swan]], a teenage girl who moves to [[Forks, Washington]], and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named [[Edward Cullen]]. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of ''[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]'' and Part II of ''[[Breaking Dawn]]'' being told from the viewpoint of character [[Jacob Black]], a [[werewolf]]. The unpublished ''[[Midnight Sun (novel)|Midnight Sun]]'' is a retelling of the first book, ''[[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]'', from Edward Cullen's point of view. The novella ''[[The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner]]'', which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in ''[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]'', was published on June 5, 2010 as a hardcover book and on June 7 as a free online ebook.<ref name="Bree">{{cite news|url=http://www.australia-times.com.au/entertainment/article.php?id=2378|title=Twilight author Meyer to publish next book for free|date=31 March 2010|publisher=Australia Times|accessdate=31 March 2010}}</ref>

Since the release of the first novel, ''[[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]'', in 2005, the books have gained immense popularity and commercial success around the world. The series is most popular among [[Young-adult fiction|young adult]]s; the four books have won multiple awards, most notably the 2008 [[British Book Awards|British Book Award]] for "Children's Book of the Year" for ''[[Breaking Dawn]]'',<ref>{{cite web | author=Hephzibah Anderson | title=Obama's 'Dreams,' Meyer's Vampires Capture 'Nibbie' Book Awards | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=atco4IDHLk44&refer=home | publisher=Bloomberg.com | date=2009-04-03 | accessdate=2009-04-11 }}</ref> while the series as a whole won the [[2009 Kids' Choice Awards|2009 Kids' Choice Award]] for Favorite Book.<ref name="Kids' Choice Awards 2009: Twilight">{{cite web | title=Kids' Choice Awards 2009: Twilight | url=http://www.nick.com/kids-choice-awards/twilight-books.jhtml | publisher=Nickelodeon | accessdate=2009-04-23 }}</ref>

As of March 2010, the series has sold over 100 million copies worldwide<ref name="Sellers">{{cite web |author=John A. Sellers |title=New Stephenie Meyer Novella Arriving in June |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/454614-New_Stephenie_Meyer_Novella_Arriving_in_June.php |publisher=Publishers Weekly |date=2010-03-30 |accessdate=2010-03-30 }}</ref> with translations into at least 38 different languages around the globe.<ref name=Turan>{{cite news | author=Kenneth Turan | title=Movie Review: 'Twilight' | url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-twilight21-2008nov21,0,2444525.story | publisher=[[LA Times]] | date=2002-11-21 | accessdate=2008-11-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Khalaf | first = Hala | title = 'Twilight' arrives in the Arabic world | work = [[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] | volume = 2 | issue = 71 | date = 2009-06-26 | page = 4 | url = http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090626/NATIONAL/706259813 | accessdate = 2009-09-05}}</ref> The four ''Twilight'' books have consecutively set records as the biggest selling novels of 2008 on the ''[[USA Today]]'' Best-Selling Books list<ref name="Cadden">{{cite news | author=Mary Cadden | title=New star authors made, old ones rediscovered in 2008 | url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-sellers-side_N.htm | publisher=[[USA Today]] | date=2008-01-15 | accessdate=2008-01-16 }}</ref> and have spent over 235 weeks on the [[New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller list]] for Children's Series Books.<ref name="Grossman">{{cite news |author=Lev Grossman |title=It's Twilight in America |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1938712-1,00.html |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2009-11-13 |accessdate=2009-11-13 }}</ref>

Thus far, the first three books have been made into a series of motion pictures by [[Summit Entertainment]]; the film adaptation of ''[[Twilight (2008 film)|Twilight]]'' was released in 2008 and the second, ''[[The Twilight Saga: New Moon]]'', was released on November 20, 2009.<ref name=EW>{{cite web|last=Sperling|first=Nicole|title='Twilight' sequel: New details on 'New Moon'|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc]]|date=2008-12-10|url=http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/10/twilight-sequel/|accessdate=2009-03-26}}</ref> The third film, ''[[The Twilight Saga: Eclipse]]'', was released June 30, 2010.

==Plot overview==
===''Twilight''===

{{Main|Twilight (novel)}}

[[Bella Swan]] moves from [[Phoenix, Arizona]] to live with her father in [[Forks, Washington]] to allow her mother to travel with her new husband, a minor league [[baseball]] player. After moving to Forks, Bella finds herself involuntarily drawn to a mysterious, handsome boy, [[Edward Cullen]]. She eventually learns that he is a member of a vampire family who drinks animal blood rather than human. Edward and Bella fall in love, but James, a sadistic vampire from another vampire coven, is drawn to hunt down Bella. Edward and the other Cullens defend Bella. She escapes to [[Phoenix, Arizona]], where she is tricked into confronting James, who tries to kill her. She is seriously wounded, but Edward rescues her and they return to Forks, having killed James.

[[File:Forks WA.jpg|alt=Photo of a three-lane main street in a small town. Visible is a traffic light, sparse traffic, and businesses such as a car lot and gas station.|right|thumb|225px|Forks, Washington]]

===''New Moon''===

{{Main|New Moon (novel)}}

Edward and his family leave Forks because he believes he is endangering Bella's life. Bella falls into a deep depression, until she develops a strong friendship with [[Jacob Black]], who she discovers can shape shift into a wolf. Jacob and the other wolves in his tribe must protect her from Victoria, a vampire seeking to avenge the death of her mate James, by killing Bella. A misunderstanding occurs, and Edward believes Bella is dead. Edward decides to commit suicide in [[Volterra, Italy]], but he is stopped by Bella, who is accompanied by Edward's sister, Alice. They meet with the [[List of Twilight characters#The Volturi|Volturi]], a powerful vampire coven, and are released only on the condition that Bella be turned into a vampire in the near future. Bella and Edward are reunited, and she and the Cullens return to Forks.

===''Eclipse''===

{{Main|Eclipse (novel)}}

The vampire Victoria (James' mate from ''Twilight'') has created an army of "newborn" vampires to battle the Cullen family and murder Bella for revenge. Meanwhile, Bella is compelled to choose between her relationship with Edward and her friendship with Jacob. Edward's vampire family and Jacob's werewolf pack join forces to successfully destroy Victoria and her vampire army. In the end, Bella chooses Edward's love over Jacob's and agrees to marry him.

===''Breaking Dawn''===

{{Main|Breaking Dawn}}

Bella and Edward are married, but their [[honeymoon]] is cut short when Bella discovers that she is pregnant. Her pregnancy progresses rapidly, severely weakening her. She nearly dies giving birth to her and Edward's half-vampire-half-human daughter, [[List of Twilight characters#Renesmee Cullen|Renesmee]], but Edward injects Bella with his venom to save her life and turns her into a vampire. A vampire from another coven sees Renesmee and mistakes her for an "immortal child". She informs the [[List of Twilight characters#The Volturi|Volturi]], as the existence of such beings violates vampire law. The Cullens gather vampire witnesses who can verify that Renesmee is not an immortal child. After an intense confrontation, the Cullens and their witnesses convince the Volturi that the child poses no danger to vampires or their secret, and they are left in peace by the Volturi.

===Main characters===
{{See also|List of Twilight characters}}

* '''[[Bella Swan|Isabella "Bella" Swan]]'''&nbsp;– The protagonist of the series, teenager Bella is a perpetually clumsy "danger magnet" with dark brown hair and brown eyes. She is often portrayed as having low self-esteem and unable to comprehend Edward's love for her. She has an immunity to supernatural abilities involving the mind, such as Edward's mind-reading ability. After her transformation into a vampire in the saga's fourth installment, Bella acquires the ability to shield both herself and others from "mental harm" from other vampires.
*'''[[Edward Cullen]]'''&nbsp;– Edward is a vampire who lives with a coven of like-minded vampires known as the Cullen family, who feed on animals rather than humans. Over the course of the ''Twilight'' series, Edward falls in love with, marries, and then has a child with Bella. At first, Edward feels a mutual hatred toward Jacob Black because of his love for Bella, but in ''Breaking Dawn,'' he comes to see Jacob as a brother and friend. Like some vampires, Edward has a supernatural ability: mind reading. It allows him to read anyone's thoughts within a few miles radius. Bella is immune to his power as a human, but learns how to lower this "shield" after her transformation to a vampire.
*'''[[Jacob Black]]'''&nbsp;– A minor character in the first novel, Jacob is introduced as a member of the [[Quileute]] tribe. He resurfaces in ''[[New Moon (novel)|New Moon]]'' with a much larger role as Bella's best friend as she struggles through her depression over losing Edward. Although he is in love with Bella, she initially sees him as just her best friend. He and other tribe members can shape shift into wolves. In ''[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]'' Bella realizes that she loves Jacob, though her feelings for him are overpowered by her love for Edward Cullen. In ''Breaking Dawn'', Jacob finds a (platonic) [[soulmate]] in Bella and Edward's baby daughter, Renesmee, ridding him of his heartache for Bella.

==Setting==
[[File:Volterra101.jpg|alt=Photo of an Italian town on a hillside, with a six-sided tower and tiled roof tops.|right|thumb|200px|Volterra]]
The story is set primarily in the town of [[Forks, Washington]], where Bella and her father, [[Charlie Swan (Twilight)|Charlie Swan]], live. Other cities in [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] briefly appear in the series or are mentioned, such as [[Port Angeles]], [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]], [[Seattle]] and [[La Push]]. Some events in ''[[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]'' take place in [[Phoenix, Arizona]], where Bella was raised. [[Volterra, Italy]], is featured in ''[[New Moon (novel)|New Moon]]'', when Edward travels there to commit suicide and Bella rushes to save him. [[Jacksonville, Florida]], is mentioned first in ''[[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]'' and second in ''[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]'', when Edward and Bella visit Bella's mother, who has moved there with her new husband. [[Seattle, Washington]], is featured in ''[[Breaking Dawn]]'' when Jacob tries to escape his love for Bella, and when Bella tries to locate a man named J. Jenks. It is also the location of a series of murders committed by newborn vampires in ''[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]'' Bella and Edward spend their honeymoon on a fictional "Isle Esme", purportedly off the coast of Brazil.

==Structure and genre==

The ''Twilight'' series falls under the genre of [[Young-adult fiction|young adult]], [[fantasy]], and [[Romance (genre)|romance]], though Meyer categorized her first book, ''Twilight'', as "suspense romance horror comedy".<ref name="Zone">{{cite web |last=Kirschling |first=Gregory |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20049578,00.html |title=Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone |date=August 2, 2007 |accessdate=December 11, 2008 |work=EW.com |publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]] }}</ref> However, she states that she considers her books as "romance more than anything else".<ref name="Zone"/> The series explores the unorthodox romance between human Bella and vampire Edward, as well as the [[love triangle]] between Bella, Edward, and Jacob, a werewolf.<ref name="Triangle">{{cite journal |last=Meadows |first=Bob |coauthors=Kari Lydersen |journal=[[People (magazine)|People]] |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20230708,00.html |volume=70 |issue=10 |title=Stephenie Meyer: Written in Blood |date=September 8, 2008 |accessdate=December 11, 2008 }}</ref> The books avoid delving into provocative sex, drugs, and harsh swearing because, according to Meyer, "I don't think teens need to read about gratuitous sex."<ref name="Tales">{{cite news |last=Trachtenberg |first=Jeffrey A. |url=http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB118670290131693667-lMyQjAxMDE3ODA2OTcwMDkyWj.html |title=Booksellers Find Life After Harry In a Vampire Novel |date=August 10, 2007 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=2008-12-11}}</ref>

The books are written in [[first-person narrative]], primarily through Bella's eyes with the epilogue of the third book and a part of the fourth book being from Jacob's [[Narrative mode|point of view]]. When asked about the structure of the novel, Meyer described her difficulty to pinpoint the premise of the novels to any specific category: <blockquote>I have a hard time with that. Because if I say to someone, 'You know, it's about vampires,' then immediately they have this mental image of what the book is like. And it's so ''not'' like the other vampire books out there–[[Anne Rice]]'s and the few that I've read. It isn't that kind of dark and dreary and blood-thirsty world. Then when you say, 'It's set in high school,' a lot of people immediately put it in another pool. It's easy to pigeonhole with different descriptions.<ref name="Bite">{{cite web |last=Margolis |first=Rick |url=http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6260602.html |title=Love at First Bite |date=October 1, 2005 |accessdate=December 11, 2008 }}</ref></blockquote>

The books are based on the vampire myth, but ''Twilight'' vampires differ in a number of particulars from the general vampire lore. For instance, ''Twilight'' vampires have strong piercing teeth rather than fangs; they glitter in sunlight rather than burn; and they can drink both animal blood as well as human blood. Meyer comments that her vampire mythology differs from that of other authors because she wasn't informed about the canon vampires, saying, <blockquote>It wasn't until I knew that ''Twilight'' would be published that I began to think about whether my vampires were too much the same or too much different from the others. Of course, I was far too invested in my characters at that point to be making changes... so I didn't cut out fangs and coffins and so forth as a way to distinguish my vampires; that's just how they came to me.<ref name="chbookstore">{{cite web |url=http://chbookstore.qwestoffice.net/fa2006-08.html |title=BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer |year=2006 |month=August |accessdate=December 12, 2008 }}</ref></blockquote>

==Inspiration and themes==

According to the author, her books are "about life, not death" and "love, not lust".<ref name="abcnews">{{cite news |last=Horng |first=Eric |date=August 19, 2007 |url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3499052 |title=Will New Bestseller 'Eclipse' Harry Potter? |publisher=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=2008-12-12}}</ref> Each book in the series was inspired by and loosely based on a different literary classic: ''Twilight'' on [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', ''New Moon'' on [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', ''Eclipse'' on [[Emily Brontë]]'s ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'', and ''Breaking Dawn'' on a second Shakespeare play, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.<ref name="meridian">{{cite web |last=Proctor |first=Maurine |url=http://www.meridianmagazine.com/books/080806vampire.html |title=Stephenie Meyer's Twilight |accessdate=December 11, 2008 |work=Meridian |date=August 8, 2008 }}</ref> Meyer also states that [[Orson Scott Card]] and [[L. M. Montgomery]]'s ''[[Anne of Green Gables]]'' series are a big influence on her writing.<ref name="Bite"/>

Other major themes of the series include choice and free will.<ref name="Bite"/><ref name="time-april2008">{{cite news |last=Grossman |first=Lev |title=Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling? |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=April 24, 2008 |accessdate=December 12, 2008 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1734838,00.html }}</ref> Meyer says that the books are centered around Bella's choice to choose her life on her own, and the Cullens' choices to abstain from killing rather than follow their temptations: "I really think that's the underlying metaphor of my vampires. It doesn't matter where you're stuck in life or what you think you have to do; you can always choose something else. There's always a different path."<ref name="time-april2008"/>

Meyer, a [[Mormon]], acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from, and where they are going, than might be typical."<ref name="Tales"/> Meyer also steers her work from subjects such as sex, despite the romantic nature of the novels. Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be Mormon-influenced, or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories."<ref name="times-online">{{cite news |last=Mills |first=Tony-Allen |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article4492238.ece |title=News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer |work=[[The Times]] |date=August 10, 2008 |accessdate=2008-12-12 | location=London}}</ref>

==Origins and publishing history==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Twilight books.jpg|200px|left|thumb|British paperback editions of the four ''Twilight'' books]] -->
Stephenie Meyer says that the idea for ''[[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]'' came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. The dream was about a human girl, and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood. Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the transcript of what is now chapter 13 of the book.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://magazine.byu.edu/?act=view&a=1972 |title=A Teenage Tale With Bite |journal=[[Brigham Young University|BYU]] Magazine |last=Walker |first=Michael R. |year=2007 |accessdate=2008-08-01 }}</ref> Despite having very little writing experience, in a matter of three months she had transformed that dream into a completed novel.<ref name="time-april2008"/> After writing and editing the novel, she signed a three-book deal with [[Little, Brown and Company]] for $750,000, an unusually high amount for a first time author.<ref>{{cite web | author=Cecelia Goodnow | title=Harry Potter and the Last Flight | url=http://www.seattlepi.com/books/324158_harry19.html | publisher=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] | date=2007-07-19 | accessdate=2009-04-27 }}</ref> Megan Tingley, the editor who signed Meyer, says that halfway through the reading manuscript she realized that she had a future bestseller in her hands.<ref name="Charmed">{{cite news |last=Irwin |first=Megan |url=http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2007-07-12/news/charmed |title=Charmed |date=July 11, 2007 |accessdate=2008-12-08 }}</ref> The book was released in 2005.

Following the success of ''[[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]'', Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: ''[[New Moon (novel)|New Moon]]'' (2006), ''[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]'' (2007), and ''[[Breaking Dawn]]'' (2008). In its first week after publication, the first sequel, ''[[New Moon (novel)|New Moon]]'', debuted at #5 on the ''[[New York Times]]'' Best Seller List for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the #1 position, where it remained for the next eleven weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list.<ref>{{cite news |title=Best Sellers: Children's Books |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/12/books/bestseller/0812bestchildren.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 12, 2007 |accessdate=December 12, 2008 }}</ref> After the release of ''Eclipse'', the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller List.<ref name="time-april2008"/> The fourth installment of the ''Twilight'' series, ''[[Breaking Dawn]]'', was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.<ref name="BDsales">{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Jacks |url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/08/04/breaking-dawn-sells-13-million-copies-in-one-day |title='Breaking Dawn' Sells 1.3 Million Copies in One Day |publisher=MTV.com |date=August 4, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-09 }}</ref> Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day alone, setting a record in first-day sales performance for the [[Hachette Book Group USA]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Memmott |first=Carol |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2008-08-03-breaking-dawn-sales_N.htm |title=Record-breaking sales for 'Breaking Dawn' |date=August 4, 2008 |publisher=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=2010-09-19}}</ref> Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that ''Breaking Dawn'' would be the final novel to be told from [[Bella Swan]]'s perspective.<ref name="breakingdawn">{{cite web |last=Meyer |first=Stephenie |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html |title=Breaking Dawn |date=July 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 12, 2008 }}</ref> In 2008, the four books of the series claimed the top four spots on ''[[USA Today]]'''s year-end bestseller list, making Meyer the first author to ever achieve this feat.<ref>{{cite news | authors=Bob Minzesheimer and Anthony DeBarros | title=Sellers basked in Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' in 2008 | url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-sellers-main_N.htm | publisher=[[USA Today]] | date=2009-01-15 | accessdate=2009-01-15 }}</ref> The series then won the [[2009 Kids' Choice Awards|2009 Kids' Choice Award]] for Favorite Book, where it competed against the [[Harry Potter|''Harry Potter'' series]].<ref name="Kids' Choice Awards 2009: Twilight"/>

==Other books==

Meyer originally planned to write a companion book to ''[[Twilight (novel)|Twilight]]'' called ''[[Midnight Sun (novel)|Midnight Sun]]'', which would be the story of ''Twilight'' told from [[Edward Cullen|Edward Cullen's]] point-of-view. She stated that ''Twilight'' was the only book that she planned to rewrite from Edward's perspective.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Meyer |first=Stephenie |interviewer=Nicole Sperlin |title=Twilight (part 3) |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/video/festivals?bcpid=1378342280&bclid=1683773559&bctid=1688297816 |format=Video |program=[[Entertainment Weekly|EW.com]] |date=November 21, 2008 |accessdate=December 12, 2008 }}</ref> However, a rough draft of ''Midnight Sun's'' first twelve chapters were leaked on the internet. Stephenie Meyer has since put these twelve chapters on her website so that her fans could read them for free,<ref>[http://stepheniemeyer.com/pdf/midnightsun_partial_draft4.pdf StephenieMeyer.com | Twilight series | Midnight Sun partial draft]</ref> but has put the project on hold indefinitely due to her feelings about the situation. She stated, <blockquote>If I tried to write ''Midnight Sun'' now, in my current frame of mind, James would probably win and all the Cullens would die, which wouldn't dovetail too well with the original story. In any case, I feel too sad about what has happened to continue working on ''Midnight Sun'', and so it is on hold indefinitely.<ref>{{cite web |last=Meyer |first=Stephenie |title=Midnight Sun |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/midnightsun.html |date=August 28, 2008 |accessdate=December 12, 2008 }}</ref></blockquote> Though she has no current plans to do so, Meyer has also stated that if she were to continue writing in the same universe she would write from the perspective of either [[Leah Clearwater]] or Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee Cullen.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weiss |first=Sabrina Rojas |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1592582/story.jhtml |title='Twilight' Tuesday: Stephenie Meyer Answers Your Burning 'Breaking Dawn' Questions |publisher=[[MTV]] |date=August 12, 2008 |accessdate=2008-10-22 }}</ref>

On March 16, 2010 [[Yen Press]] released ''Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1'', a graphic novel based on the first book in the series.<ref>[http://shelf-life.ew.com/2010/01/20/exclusive-twilight-the-graphic-novel/ Exclusive: Twilight: The Graphic Novel]</ref> On March 30, 2010, Meyer revealed on her official website that she will be releasing a new novella in the series, ''[[The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner]]'', which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in ''[[Eclipse (novel)|Eclipse]]'', on June 5, 2010.<ref name="Bree"/> An electronic version of the book was made available free from her web site, as well as in bookstores.<ref>[http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breetanner.html]</ref>

==Reception, influence and controversy==
===Literary criticism and reception===
When initially published, ''Twilight'' garnered much critical acclaim<ref>http://www.loc.gov/bookfest/2006/authors/meyer.html</ref> with ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]'' calling the book a "hot new teen novel",<ref>{{citeweb |title='Twilight' takes place in Forks, Wash |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/books/243214_tf204.html |publisher=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |date=2005-10-04 |accessdate=2009-08-16 }}</ref> and ''[[The Times]]'' lauded it for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation."<ref>{{cite news | author=Amanda Craig | title=New-Age vampires stake their claim | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/children/article1081930.ece | publisher=[[The Times]] | date=2006-01-14 | accessdate=2009-04-14 | location=London}}</ref> Larry Carroll for MTV Movies has deemed Edward and Bella an "iconic love story for a whole generation".<ref name="MTV">{{cite news |last=Carroll |first=Larry |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1585986/20080421/story.jhtml |title='Twilight' Stars Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart Turn Up The Heat To Prepare For Love Story |publisher=[[MTV]] |date=April 22, 2008}}</ref> [[Amazon.com]] hailed ''Twilight'' as "deeply romantic and extraordinarily suspenseful", while ''[[School Library Journal]]'' stated, "Realistic, subtle, succinct, and easy to follow, ''Twilight'' will have readers dying to sink their teeth into it."<ref name="Amazon">{{cite web | title=Editorial Reviews | url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0316015849/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books | publisher=Amazon.com | accessdate=2009-04-14 }}</ref> Other reviews described ''Twilight'' as an "exquisite fantasy",<ref name="Amazon"/> and a "gripping blend of romance and horror".<ref>{{cite web | author=Norah Piehl | title=Review: Twilight | url=http://www.teenreads.com/reviews/0316160172.asp | publisher=Teenreads.com | accessdate=2009-04-14 }}</ref>

Lev Grossman of ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'' wrote that the books have a "pillowy quality distinctly reminiscent of Internet fan fiction", but still praised the series, comparing it to ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''Harry Potter'': <blockquote>People do not want to just read Meyer's books; they want to climb inside them and live there...There's no literary term for the quality ''Twilight'' and ''Harry Potter'' (and ''The Lord of the Rings'') share, but you know it when you see it: their worlds have a freestanding internal integrity that makes you feel as if you should be able to buy real estate there.<ref name="time-april2008"/></blockquote>

Outlining the anticipated release of ''Breaking Dawn'', ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' called ''Twilight'' "no ordinary vampire series – it boils with desire that all goes painfully unconsummated – and Meyer turns out to be far from an ordinary author."<ref>{{cite news |author=Tony-Allen Mills |title=News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article4492238.ece |work=[[The Sunday Times]] |publisher=Times Newspapers Limited |date=2008-08-10 |accessdate=2009-05-19 | location=London}}</ref> ''[[The Times]]'' wrote, "The vampires that sank their fangs into ''Harry Potter'' were born in the low desert of Arizona. They arrived in a dream, were immediately translated to paper, spread through the adolescent population like a virus and transmogrified into a publishing phenomenon."<ref>{{cite news |author=Damian Whitworth |title=Harry who? Meet the new J.K. Rowling |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3917660.ece |publisher=[[The Times]] |date=2008-05-13 |accessdate=2009-08-16 | location=London}}</ref> ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]'' described the books as a "classic tale of undying love, one that has fans gushing about a ''Harry Potter''-with-fangs global phenomenon."<ref>{{cite web |author=Scott LaFee |title=Society can count on vampires |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20081124/news_1c24vampires.html |publisher=The San Diego Union-Tribune |date=2008-11-24 |accessdate=2009-08-16 }}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' described Meyer as an "imaginative storyteller, a prolific author and a newly powerful figure in the publishing market."<ref>{{cite news |title=All fangs, no bite|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/07/fiction |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=2008-08-07 |accessdate=2009-08-16 | location=London}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[USA Today]]'', US president [[Barack Obama]] said that he and his ten-year-old daughter, Malia, often bond over the ''Twilight'' books,<ref>{{cite web | author=Josh Horowitz | title=President-Elect Obama Reads 'Twilight,' So Is He Team Edward Or Team Jacob? | url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/11/10/president-elect-obama-reads-twilight-so-is-he-team-edward-or-team-jacob/ | publisher=[[MTV]] | date=2008-11-10 | accessdate=2009-04-14 }}</ref> while [[Kelly Clarkson]] has described herself as a "''Twilight'' nerd" and even wrote a song based on ''New Moon''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Dan McLaughlin |title=In Praise of Kelly Clarkson: Democracy’s Pop Star |url=http://newledger.com/2009/06/in-praise-of-kelly-clarkson-democracys-pop-star/ |publisher=[[The New Ledger]] |date=2009-06-20 |accessdate=2009-09-24 }}</ref> [[Emily Osment]] described ''Twilight'' as one of her "all-time-favorite books" and praised Stephenie Meyer, saying, "From the first chapter, Meyer grabbed my attention and kept me enthralled throughout the entire book. The characters contrast so greatly, I found myself wondering how she pieced them so seamlessly."<ref>{{cite web |author=Cheryl Brody |title=emily osment reviews her favorite book! |url=http://www.cosmogirl.com/entertainment/book-club/emily-osment-twilight-bookreview |publisher=Cosmo Girl |date=2008-03-13 |accessdate=2009-09-24 }}</ref>

As well, [[Emma Watson]] has described herself as a ''Twilight'' fan and said, "I love those books ... I literally felt depressed when I finished reading them".<ref>http://celebrities.ninemsn.com.au/blog.aspx?blogentryid=430255&showcomments=true</ref>

[[Image:Twilight saga poster 1.jpg|133px|left|thumb|An Arabic ''Twilight'' promotional poster in a bookshop in [[Dubai]]. By late 2009, the books had reportedly sold 100,000 copies in English across the [[UAE]].<ref>{{cite news | last = Shaheen | first = Kareem | title = Search for a new chapter in Arabic youth fiction | work = [[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] | volume = 2 | issue = 149 | date = 2009-09-12 | page = 4 | url = http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090912/NATIONAL/709119793/1010 | accessdate = 2009-09-12}}</ref>]]

Referring to the series' enduring popularity and fandom, ''[[USA Today]]'' said, "Move over, ''Harry Potter''".<ref>{{cite news | author=Bob Minzesheimer | title=Vampire tale takes bite out of 'Potter' | url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-08-15-eclipse_N.htm | publisher=[[USA Today]] | date=2007-08-15 | accessdate=2009-04-14 }}</ref> In addition, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' hailed Meyer as "the world's most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice".<ref>{{cite web | author=Gregory Kirschling | title=Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone | url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20049578,00.html | publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]] | date=2007-08-02 | accessdate=2009=04-14 }}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' has described ''Twilight'' as a "literary phenomenon",<ref>{{cite news |author=Julie Bosman |title=Book Stokes Vampire Feverat Stores' Parties |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/02/books/02meyer.html |publisher=The New York Times |date=2008-08-02 |accessdate=2009-08-16 }}</ref> and Matt Arado of ''[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|Daily Herald]]'' noted that the ''Twilight'' books have become the "hottest publishing phenomenon since a certain bespectacled wizard cast his spell on the world."<ref>{{cite web |author=Matt Arado |title=Hype, excitement building for 'Twilight' finale 'Breaking Dawn' |url=http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=223385 |publisher=Daily Herald |date=2008-07-29 |accessdate=2009-08-16 }}</ref>

The widespread appeal of the ''Twilight'' novels and the huge online fan community of the series are often noted,<ref name="merrill">{{cite web |last=Merrill |first=Julie |url=http://www.bookstove.com/Fantasy/The-Twilight-Phenomenon.117474 |title=The Twilight Phenomenon |date=May 1, 2008 |accessdate=December 7, 2008 |work=bookstove.com }}</ref><ref name="Online">{{cite news |last=Green |first=Heather |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_32/b4095044373786.htm |title=The Online Fan World of the Twilight Vampire Books |publisher=[[BusinessWeek]] |date=July 31, 2008 |accessdate=2008-12-07 }}</ref> and the author and the series' popularity are often compared with [[J. K. Rowling]] and ''[[Harry Potter]]''.<ref name="EW">{{cite journal |last=Valby |first=Karen |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20213067_20213068_20211938,00.html |title=Stephenie Meyer: Inside the 'Twilight' Saga |journal=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=July 18, 2008 |issue=1002 |accessdate=December 7, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="time-april2008"/> Describing the fan following of the books, the ''[[Phoenix New Times]]'' wrote, "Meyer's fandom is reminiscent of ''Harry Potter'' mania."<ref name="Charmed"/> ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' agreed and described ''Twilight'' as the "spiritual successor to ''Harry Potter''".<ref>{{cite news |title=Profile - Stephenie Meyer: the million-dollar vampire mom |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/3531403/Profile---Stephanie-Meyer-the-million-dollar-vampire-mom.html |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2008-11-27 |accessdate=2009-08-16 | location=London}}</ref> Rebekah Bradford of ''[[The Post and Courier]]'' noted that that the series has a "huge crossover appeal much like the ''Harry Potter'' books before them."<ref>{{cite web |author=Rebekah Bradford |title='Twilight' lightning for publishing |url=http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2008/nov/23/twilight_lightning_publishing62622/ |publisher=The Post and Courier |date=2008-11-23 |accessdate=2009-08-16 }}</ref> Meyer responds to such comparisons, saying, "It's terribly flattering to be compared to her, but there's never going to be another J. K. Rowling; that's a phenomenon that's not gonna happen again", however noting that "you can compare my fans to her fans more easily [than me to her]. I do think that we both have people who are just really really enthusiastic, and will come miles to see you and be involved, and everybody really cares about our characters."<ref name="Twilight">{{cite web |last=Carroll |first=Larry |url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/04/10/twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-sees-jk-rowling-as-kindred-spirit/ |title='Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer Sees J.K. Rowling As Kindred Spirit |date=April 10, 2008 |work=[[MTV]] Movies Blog |accessdate=December 7, 2008 }}</ref> Crystal Mack of ''[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|Daily Herald]]'' noted, "While teenage girls are the main audience, young boys and adults of both genders have also been swept up in the phenomenon."<ref>{{cite web |author=Crystal Mack |title=Local libraries prepping for 'Twilight' finale |url=http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=223445 |publisher=Daily Herald |date=2008-07-28 |accessdate=2009-08-16 }}</ref> According to the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'', "Stephenie Meyer, in particular, has achieved incredible success across all the English-speaking nations and Europe and many will say that her ''Twilight'' series has filled the hole left by ''Harry Potter''."<ref>{{cite news |title=Twilight vampire series author Stephenie Meyer hailed as new JK Rowling |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/4938307/Twilight-vampire-series-author-Stephenie-Meyer-hailed-as-new-JK-Rowling.html |publisher=Daily Telegraph |date=2009-03-04 |accessdate=2009-08-16 | location=London}}</ref>

A social networking community for ''Twilight'' fans has over 350,000 members at the series' [http://thetwilightsaga.com official site], and the series has spawned hundreds of fansites.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gerri Miller |title=Inside "Twilight" |url=http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/inside-twilight.htm |publisher=HowStuffWorks |accessdate=2009-07-25 }}</ref> The ''Twilight'' series' popularity and enthusiastic fan following have grabbed media attention and been dubbed "The ''Twilight'' Phenomenon",<ref name="Comic">{{cite web |author=Pamela Chelin |url=http://www.premiere.com/Feature/The-Twilight-Phenomenon-The-Director-and-Author-at-Comic-Con-2008|title=The 'Twilight' Phenomenon: The Director and Author at Comic-Con 2008| publisher=Premiere |date=2008-07-30 |accessdate=2009-04-27 }}</ref><ref name="Cult">{{cite web |last=Greydanus |first=Steven D. |url=http://www.decentfilms.com/sections/articles/twilight.html |title=Twilight Appeal: The cult of Edward Cullen and vampire love in Stephenie Meyer's novels and the new film |year=2008 |accessdate=December 8, 2008 }}</ref> with Gina McIntyre of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' calling ''Twilight'' "a full-blown pop culture phenomenon".<ref>{{cite news |author=Gina McIntyre |title=Vampire pals hang out in the 'Twilight' |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/nov/02/entertainment/ca-twilight2 |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=2008-11-02 |accessdate=2009-06-10 }}</ref> Fans of Meyer are noted to "dress up like her characters. They write their own stories about them and post their tales on the Internet. When she appears at a bookstore, 3,000 people go to meet her. There are ''Twilight''-themed rock bands."<ref name="time-april2008"/> The popularity of the ''Twilight'' series have also given rise to licensing of various merchandise and products, including T-shirts, action figures, posters and stand-ups, watches, board games, contacts and journals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.amazon.com/Official-Twilight-Merchandise-Store/b?ie=UTF8&node=1288130011|title=The Official Twilight Merchandise Store|publisher=Amazon|accessdate=19 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.allaboutvision.com/contacts/faq/twilight-contacts.htm|title=What contacts did they use in Twilight?|publisher=All About Vision|accessdate=11 July 2010}}</ref>

''[[The Irish Times]]'' noted, "The ''Twilight'' books...have generated a movement that strains definitions of the word 'cult'."<ref>{{cite web |title=Hotter than Potter |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2008/1212/1228864682918.html |publisher=The Irish Times |date=2008-12-12 |accessdate=2009-08-22 }}</ref>

[[File:2009-0606-Forks-Twilight.jpg|right|thumb|A store catering to tourists interested in the ''Twilight'' series in Forks, Washington.]]

Economically, the town of [[Forks, Washington]], the setting for the ''Twilight'' series, has improved due to [[tourism]] from fans of the books.<ref name="tourist">{{cite news |last=Ramirez |first=Marc |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2008075490_twilight270.html |title=Fans of "Twilight" vampire series pump new blood into Forks |publisher=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=July 27, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-31 }}</ref> Forks is visited by an average of 8,000 tourists per month,<ref name="Kay">{{cite web |author=Kay O'Sullivan |title=Small English town becomes Twilight zone |url=http://www.theage.com.au/travel/travel-news/small-english-town-becomes-twilight-zone-20090722-dt6l.html |publisher=The Age |date=2009-07-25 |accessdate=2009-07-25 }}</ref> and has been described as a "mecca for Twilighters".<ref>{{cite news |author=Jane Margolies |title='Twilighters' Put Small Town in the Spotlight |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/09/27/travel/27culture.html?pagewanted=1 |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date=2009-09-22 |accessdate=2009-09-22 }}</ref> Many of the restaurants have ''Twilight''-themed menus and the shops sell ''Twilight''-related items.<ref name="Kay"/> The town also hosts ''Twilight'' tours, which visit places such as [[La Push]]'s First Beach, the hospital where Carlisle Cullen supposedly works, and a two-story house meant to portray the Swan residence.<ref name="tourist"/> In response to plans for the aging Forks High School to be renovated, ''Twilight'' fans have teamed up with Infinite Jewelry Co. and the West Olympic Peninsula Betterment Association to collect donations in an attempt to save the brick appearance or the building altogether.<ref name="brick">{{cite news |last=Dickerson |first=Paige |url=http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20080913/NEWS/809130304 |title=Twilight fans campaign to donate to help save brick building of Forks High School |publisher=''Peninsula Daily News'' |date=September 12, 2008 |accessdate=2008-09-17 }}</ref> In addition, an annual "Stephenie Meyer Day" is celebrated in Forks on September 13, the birthday of character [[Bella Swan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rainforest vampires |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/travel/2008/1220/1229523125480.html |publisher=The Irish Times |date=2008-12-20 |accessdate=2009-08-22 }}</ref>

While comparing [[Stephenie Meyer]] to [[JK Rowling]], [[Stephen King]] said, "the real difference [between [[J. K. Rowling]] and Meyer] is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good."<ref>Brain Tuitt: ''It's great to be the King'', page 7. ''[[USA Weekend]]'', March 6–8, 2009.</ref><ref name="msnbc">[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29001524 Stephen King says 'Twilight' author 'can't write'], February 3, 2009</ref> However, King understood the appeal of the series, adding, "People are attracted by the stories, by the pace and in the case of Stephenie Meyer, it's very clear that she's writing to a whole generation of girls and opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books. It's exciting and it's thrilling and it's not particularly threatening because it's not overtly sexual."<ref name="msnbc"/>

Laura Miller of [[Salon.com]] wrote that "the characters, such as they are, are stripped down to a minimum, lacking the texture and idiosyncrasies of actual people", and said that "''Twilight'' would be a lot more persuasive as an argument that an 'amazing heart' counts for more than appearances if it didn't harp so incessantly on Edward's superficial splendors."<ref name="salon">{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Laura |url=http://www.salon.com/books/review/2008/07/30/Twilight/ |title=Touched by a vampire |publisher=[[Salon.com]] |date=August 30, 2007 |accessdate=September 17, 2008 }}</ref> Miller also accused the series of [[sexism]] in its portrayal of female characters, most notably [[Bella Swan]]'s obsessive behavior relating to [[Edward Cullen]] and the emphasis on his [[romantic hero]] status.<ref name="salon"/> Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, arguing both that the books center around Bella's choice, which she perceives as the foundation of modern [[feminism]], and that Bella's [[damsel in distress]] persona is due only to her humanity.<ref name="Stephenie Meyer.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/nm_thestory.html |title=New Moon: The Story |publisher=StephenieMeyer.com |accessdate=November 13, 2008 }}</ref> Meyer also added, "Just because [Bella] doesn't do kung fu and she cooks for her father doesn't make her worthy of that criticism".<ref>{{cite web |author=Karen Valby |title='Breaking Dawn': 13 Notes for Newcomers |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20308569_20308452_2,00.html |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=2009-09-29 |accessdate=2009-11-21 }}</ref> In another feminist critique of the series, [[Bitch (magazine)|''Bitch'' magazine]] stated the novels' appeal were due to their being "abstinence porn", concluding that, "In reality, the abstinence message—wrapped in the genre of abstinence porn—objectifies Bella in the same ways that "real" porn might. The ''Twilight'' books conflate Bella losing her virginity with the loss of other things, including her sense of self and her very life. Such a high-stakes treatment of abstinence reinforces the idea that Bella is powerless, an object, a fact that is highlighted when we get to the sex scenes in ''Breaking Dawn''."<ref name="Bitch Magazine">{{cite web |author=Christine Seifert |url=http://bitchmagazine.org/article/bite-me-or-dont |title=Bite Me! (Or Don't) |publisher=bitchmagazine.org |year=2008 |accessdate=2009-11-09}}</ref>

However, Shannon Simcox of ''[[The Daily Collegian]]'' has dismissed the criticism surrounding Bella, commenting, "While Bella plays the perfect damsel in distress that gets herself into sticky situations, she is also very in control of herself. She chose to move to Forks and be in a new place; she constantly faces a bunch of people who want to suck the life right out of her, and she is constantly pleading to become a vampire, too, so she can take care of herself and Edward.<ref name="collegian">{{cite web | author=Shannon Simcox | title=Twilight hatred too over the top | url=http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2010/07/06/twilight_hatred_too_over_the_t.aspx| publisher=The Daily Collegian | accessdate=2010-07-16}}</ref>

The prose and plotting of the series have also been criticized by Elizabeth Hand of ''[[Washington Post]]'', who wrote, "Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden".<ref name="Hand">{{cite news| url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/07/AR2008080702528.html | work=The Washington Post | title=Love Bites | first=Elizabeth | last=Hand | date=2008-08-10 | accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref> The article, featured on the [[Yahoo!]] website Shine, also criticized the books and the author's final word on the series was, "Good books deal with themes of longing and loneliness, sexual passion and human frailty, alienation and fear just as the Twilight books do. But they do so by engaging us with complexities of feeling and subtleties of character, expressed in language that rises above banal mediocrity. Their reward is something more than just an escape into banal mediocrity. We deserve something better to get hooked on."<ref>http://www.mommytracked.com/not-twi-moms</ref><ref>http://astrology.yahoo.com/channel/parenting/oh-no-not-twi-moms-355795/</ref>

===Book challenges===
The ''Twilight'' series made the number five spot on the [[American Library Association]]'s (ALA) Top Ten List of the Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2009, for being "Sexually Explicit", "Unsuited to Age Group", and having a "Religious Viewpoint".<ref>http://www.ala.org/ala/newspresscenter/news/pressreleases2010/april2010/mostchallenged2009_oif.cfm</ref>

==Film adaptations==
{{Main|The Twilight Saga (film series)}}
A screenplay for ''Twilight'' was written by [[Melissa Rosenberg]] and has been [[film adaptation|adapted into a film]] by [[Summit Entertainment]]. The film was directed by [[Catherine Hardwicke]], with [[Kristen Stewart]] and [[Robert Pattinson]] in the leading roles of [[Bella Swan|Isabella Swan]] and [[Edward Cullen]], respectively. The movie was released in the United States on November 21, 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weiss |first=Sabrina Rojas |url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/08/15/did-harry-potter-release-date-change-to-avoid-twilight-competition/ |title=Did 'Harry Potter' Release Date Change To Avoid 'Twilight' Competition? |date=August 15, 2008 |publisher=[[MTV]] |accessdate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ''Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion'', written by Mark Cotta Vaz, was released October 28.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/Twilight-Complete-Illustrated-Movie-Companion/dp/0316043133 |title=Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion |publisher=[[Amazon.com]] |accessdate=2009-04-30}}</ref>

On November 22, 2008, following the box office success of ''Twilight'', [[Summit Entertainment]] confirmed a sequel, called ''[[The Twilight Saga: New Moon]]'', based on the second book in the series, ''[[New Moon (novel)|New Moon]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Denise |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2008/11/twilight-sequel.html |title='Twilight' sequel 'New Moon' gets the greenlight from Summit |date=November 22, 2008 |publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=2008-11-24}}</ref> The film was released on November 20, 2009. ''The Twilight Saga: New Moon'' was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 20, 2010 through midnight release parties.<ref name="collider">{{cite web |author=Steve Weintraub |title=High Resolution DVD/Blu-ray Cover Art from The Twilight Saga: New Moon - Plus What Extras Are Included |url=http://www.collider.com/2010/01/15/high-resolution-blu-ray-cover-art-from-the-twilight-saga-new-moon-plus-what-extras-are-included/ |publisher=Collider.com |date=2010-01-15 |accessdate=2010-01-16 }}</ref> That same day, Summit Entertainment was release ''Twilight in Forks'', a documentary about the primary setting of the ''Twilight'' series, [[Forks, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Debi Moore |title=Twilight in Forks DVD Release Details |url=http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/35549/twilight-forks-dvd-details |publisher=Dread Central Media, LLC |work=DreadCentral.com |date=2010-01-26 |accessdate=2010-01-27 }}</ref> Topics Entertainment released its own documentary about Forks and the ''Twilight'' series on March 16, called ''Forks: Bitten by Twilight''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Eriq Gardner |title=Summit sues to stop 'Twilight' documentary |url=http://www.thresq.com/2010/02/twilight-documentary-lawsuit.html |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=2010-02-10 |accessdate=2010-02-11 }}</ref>

The third installment in the series, ''[[The Twilight Saga: Eclipse]]'', was released on June 30, 2010.<ref name="Rich">{{cite news | author=Joshua Rich | title='Twilight': Third film in series, 'Eclipse,' set for June 2010 | url=http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/02/twilight-eclips.html | publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]] | date=2009-02-20 | accessdate=2009-02-20 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| title = 'Eclipse' opening breaks record for biggest single-day Wednesday opening | EW.com
| accessdate = 2010-07-02
| url = http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2010/07/01/eclipse-opening-breaks-records/
}}</ref>

==Conventions==

While the ''Twilight'' series has been a visible presence in many conventions such as [[San Diego Comic-Con International|ComicCon]], there have also been many conventions whose main focus has been on the ''Twilight'' series (books and films). Some notable conventions have been [[Twicon]] and a series of "Official Twilight Conventions" that are being held by [[Creation Entertainment]].<ref>http://www.creationent.com/cal/twilight_az.htm</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Twilight series}}
{{Portal|Twilight}}
* [http://www.stepheniemeyer.com Stephenie Meyer's website]
* [http://www.thetwilightsaga.com/ The Twilight Series's official website]
* [[wikia:twilightsaga|Twilight Saga Wiki]]

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[[Category:Contemporary fantasy]]
[[Category:Culture of the Pacific Northwest]]
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[[Category:Vampires in written fiction]]
[[Category:Young adult novels]]

[[Category:Novels by Stephenie Meyer]]
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[[id:Twilight (seri novel)]]
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[[hu:Alkonyat-sorozat]]
[[mk:Самрак (серијал романи)]]
[[nl:Twilight (serie)]]
[[no:Twilight-serien]]
[[nn:Twilight-serien]]
[[pl:Zmierzch (cykl)]]
[[pt:Twilight (série)]]
[[ru:Сумерки (серия романов)]]
[[simple:Twilight (series)]]
[[sk:Súmrak (séria)]]
[[sl:Somrak (serija)]]
[[sr:Сумрак (серијал)]]
[[fi:Houkutus (kirjasarja)]]
[[tl:Twilight (nobela)]]
[[th:ทไวไลท์ (ชุดนิยาย)]]
[[vi:Chạng vạng (bộ truyện)]]
[[zh-yue:暮光之城]]
[[zh:暮光之城系列]]

Revision as of 02:01, 22 September 2010

Ass.

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