USCGC Polar Star
 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | USCGC Polar Star |
| Builder | Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company, Seattle, WA |
| Commissioned | 1976 |
| Refit | Vigor Industrial shipyard, Seattle, WA (March 2010-December 2012) |
| Nickname(s) | Building 10, Polar Spare, Brand X, Wide Ass Government Building, Red Tubs of Fun[1] |
| Status | Reactivated (March 11, 2010) |
| General characteristics [2] | |
| Class and type | Template:Sclass2- |
| Displacement | list error: <br /> list (help) 10,863 long tons (11,037 t) (standard) 13,623 long tons (13,842 t) (full) |
| Length | 399 ft (122 m) |
| Beam | 83 ft 6 in (25.45 m) |
| Draft | 31 ft (9.4 m)[3] |
| Installed power | list error: <br /> list (help) Six Alco 16V-251F diesel engines (6 × 3,000 hp) Three Pratt & Whitney FT-4A12 gas turbines (3 × 25,000 hp) |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) Combined diesel-electric or gas (CODLOG) Three shafts; controllable pitch propellers |
| Speed | list error: <br /> list (help) 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) in 6-foot (1.8 m) ice |
| Range | list error: <br /> list (help) 16,000 nautical miles (30,000 km; 18,000 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) 28,275 nautical miles (52,365 km; 32,538 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) |
| Complement | list error: <br /> list (help) 15 officers 127 enlisted 33 scientists 12-person helicopter detachment |
| Aircraft carried | 2 HH-65A Dolphin helicopters |
USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) is a United States Coast Guard Heavy Icebreaker. Commissioned in 1976, the ship was built by Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company of Seattle, Washington along with her sister ship, Polar Sea (WAGB-11).[4]
Homeported in Seattle, Polar Star and Polar Sea operate under the control of Pacific Area and coordinate their operations through the Ice Operations Section of the United States Coast Guard.
Design
Polar Star uses four different methods of electronic navigation to overcome the difficulties of high-latitude operations, and a computerized propulsion control system to effectively manage six diesel-powered propulsion generators, three diesel-powered ship's service generators, three propulsion gas turbines, and other equipment vital to the smooth operation of the ship. The extensive use of automation and low maintenance materials have greatly reduced staffing requirements.[4]
Polar Star's three shafts are turned by either a diesel-electric or gas turbine power plant. Each shaft is connected to a 16-foot (4.9 m) diameter, four-bladed, controllable-pitch propeller. The diesel-electric plant can produce 18,000 shaft horsepower (13 MW) and the gas turbine plant a total of 75,000 shaft horsepower (56 MW).[4]
Polar Star has sufficient hull strength to absorb the high-powered ice breaking common to her operations. The shell plating and associated internal support structure are fabricated from steel that has especially good low-temperature strength. The portion of the hull designed to break ice is 1-3/4 inches (45 mm) thick in the bow and stern sections, and 1-1/4 inches (32 mm) thick amidships. The hull strength is produced almost entirely from the massive internal support structure. Polar Star's hull shape is designed to maximize icebreaking by efficiently combining the forces of the ship's forward motion, the downward pull of gravity on the bow, and the upward push of the inherent buoyancy of the stern. The curved bow allows Polar Star to ride up on the ice, using the ship's weight to break the ice.[4]
With such a sturdy hull and high power to back it up, the 13,000-ton (13,200 metric ton) Polar Star is able to break through ice up to 21 feet (6 m) thick and steam continuously through 6 feet (1.8 m) of ice at 3 knots (6 km/h).[4]
Polar Star has other unique engineering features designed to aid in icebreaking. At one point, an installed heeling system could rock the ship to prevent getting stuck in the ice. The system consisted of three pairs of connected tanks on opposite sides of the ship. Pumps transferred a tank's contents of 35,000 US gallons (133 m³) to an opposing tank in 50 seconds and generate 24,000 foot-tons (65 MN·m) of torque on the ship.[4] This system has since been removed due to maintenance issues.
Duty on an icebreaker is long and strenuous, especially when it involves being away from homeport for up to eight months out of the year. Careful consideration has been given to meet the needs of Polar Star's crew of 15 officers and 126 enlisted. The ship has four sizable lounges, a library, a gymnasium, and a small ship's store. It also has its own U.S. Post Office, satellite pay telephones, amateur radio equipment, a computer lounge (for Internet access, distance learning, et cetera), and movie library. Bright colors and modern decor differ sharply from traditional military shipboard drabness.
Polar Star can accommodate two HH-65 Dolphin helicopters during major deployments. They support scientific parties, do ice reconnaissance, cargo transfer, and search and rescue as required. The Aviation Detachment used to come from the Polar Operations Division at Coast Guard Aviation Training Center, Mobile, Alabama, but POPDIV has since been disbanded due to an overhaul on the HH-65 Dolphin airframe.
Operations
Polar Star has a variety of missions while operating in polar regions. During Antarctic deployments, the primary missions include breaking a channel through the sea ice to resupply the McMurdo Research Station in the Ross Sea. Resupply ships use the channel to bring food, fuel, and other goods to make it through another winter. In addition to these duties, Polar Star also serves as a scientific research platform with five laboratories and accommodations for up to 20 scientists. The "J"-shaped cranes and work areas near the stern and port side of ship give scientists the capability to do at-sea studies in the fields of geology, vulcanology, oceanography, sea-ice physics and other disciplines.[4]
Operations in the remote, hazardous and unforgiving polar regions make it necessary for the crew of Polar Star to be highly self-sufficient. The crew consists of personnel trained in navigation, engineering, welding, machinery repair, electronics, boat handling, firefighting, damage control, underwater diving, medicine, and nearly every other kind of special skill that could possibly be needed.
Reserve status, overhaul and reactivation
Under a 2006 law, since the vessels were designated primarily as research vessels, the National Science Foundation pays for and runs the United States' ice breaking vessels, using Coast Guard crews. On June 30, 2006, the USCG placed the Polar Star in "Commission-Special" status in Seattle, WA. This caretaker status required a reduced crew of 34 to keep the ship ready for a possible return to the ice. In 2009, the NSF announced that they would end funding for maintaining the Polar Star[5]
A 26 February 2008 report by the Congressional Research Service estimated a US$400 million cost for a 25-year service life extension refit for the Polar Star, a US$56 million cost for an 8 to 10-year service life extension refit or US$8.2 million cost for a single season service life extension refit.[5]
In March 2010, United States Coast Guard Adm. Thad Allen announced that the Polar Star would receive a $62 million overhaul at Seattle's Todd Pacific shipyard. The United States Coast Guard planned for the overhaul to be complete by December 2012.[6] On 14 December 2012, The United States Coast Guard announced the reactivation of the Polar Star. The overhaul of the Polar Star, completed by Vigor Industrial shipyard (formerly Todd Pacific shipyard), cost US$57 million. The Polar Star will undergo testing in 2013 prior to returning to service.[7][8] The Polar Star was back in operation in late 2013, and engaged in Antarctic operations in early 2014.[9] She was dispatched on January 4 to attempt a rescue of the Russian research ship Akademik Shokalskiy and Chinese icebreaker MV Xue Long (雪龙, literally "MV Snow Dragon") trapped at that time in Antarctic ice, the former since December 24th, 2013.[10]
References
- ^ http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Cutternicknames.pdf Retrieved 2012-01-15
- ^ Baker 1998, p. 1119.
- ^ Moore 1985, p. 772.
- ^ a b c d e f g "USCGC Polar Star - History". www.uscg.mil. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
- ^ Tibbits, George (2010-03-10). "Allen: Polar Star to be Reactivated by 2013". Navy Times. Gannett Government Media. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2012-12-15. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
After a $62 million overhaul, the Coast Guard will have its third icebeaker back in service in 2013, filling a critical need as the fleet takes on new responsibilities, the commandant of the service said Wednesday.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Song, Kyung M. (2012-12-14). "Icebreaker Polar Star Gets $57 million Overhaul". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. ISSN 0745-9696. OCLC 9198928. Archived from the original on 2012-12-15. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
The U.S. Coast Guard reactivated the Polar Star Friday after a four-year, $57 million overhaul at Vigor Industrial shipyard. The 34-year-old ship would undergo testing in 2013 before once again plying the frozen Arctic regions.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Polar Star Headed For Arctic Ice Trials". Alaska Public Media. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-03.
- ^ Alan Boyle (2013-12-30). "How icebreakers work — and why they sometimes don't work". NBC News. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
- ^ U.S. breaker to help Russian, Chinese ships stuck in Antarctic ice
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Coast Guard.
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. http://www.uscg.mil/history/default.asp
Bibliography
- Baker, A. D. (1998). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1998–1999. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-111-4.
- Moore, John (1985). Jane's Fighting Ships 1985–86. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-7106-0814-4.
External links
