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History Of Basketball

The game of basketball was invented in 1981 by James Naismith, he is considered by many the "doctor of basketball". This recreation was invented to be an indoor winter sport, but today the game is played at various times of the year and outside a lot of times as well. Basketball originally started with 9 players and fixed wooden baskets on the walls. The Harlem Globetrotters, an exhibition team, were founded in 1927 and achieved wide popularity for their amusing court antics and expert ballhandling.

Aspects of the Game

Dribbling a basketball is one of the most important components to basketball. Dribbling is the action of bouncing the ball off the floor with one hand in order to move the ball, as opposed to passing to another player or shooting. There are different techniques for dribbling used in different circumstances such as making yourself harder to defend, to get to the basket, setting up a play, etc.

Types of Dribbles

File:Crossover dribble.jpg

Player performing a crossover dribble

• Low- This dribble is low to ground at or below knee height. This type of dribble makes it harder for the defender to steal the ball.

• High- This type of dribble is usually bounced to the upper thigh to waist height. It usually used to advance quickly with the ball. You can be driving toward the basket or making a fast break when this technique is being used.

• Crossover- This technique is used to get by a defender. It consists of flicking the ball from one hand to the other and accelerating pass the defender.

• Between the Legs- This technique is also used in getting by a defender. It consists of flicking the ball from one hand to the other between your legs.

• Reverse- This dribble is another used to get by a defender. This dribble is turning your back to the defender and spinning in the direction opposite to your pivot.

• Combination- This dribble consist of a combination of any of the types listed above. It consist of performing more than one of the same types of dribbles back to back.

Dribbling Drills - Throughout the game of basketball many people have implemented dribbling drills that deal with these different types of dribbles. These drills are aimed to help the player obtain a great hand eye coordination and muscle memory with the basketball. Once this skill is honed in, the player can be very good in a game situation when handling the basketball.

Types of Dribbling Drills

File:Cone Dribble.jpg

Player demonstrating a specific cone drill

• Cone Drills- This drill requires the player to dribble through cones that may be spaced out in meters, feet, or yards. The player usually performs a dribbling drill from above through the cones and is then timed to see how fast and how well they can do the drill.

• Chair Drills- These drills are designed to resemble a defender in a game situation. The chair is placed in front of the player and they then perform a dribbling drill and get around the chair without hitting it.

• Conditioning with a ball- This type of drill is made to tailor the player to getting used to running the full length of the court as hard and as fast as they possibly can while dribbling the ball.

Rules of Basketball Involving Dribbling

• Double Dribble- This is where the player dribbles the ball then picks it up, and then proceeds to dribble it again. This is illegal in basketball and results in the other team getting possession of the basketball.

• Carry- This is when the player is dribbling the basketball and gets their hand underneath the ball and cradles it. As if they were starting to pick it up but then kept dribbling. This is also illegal and will result in the other team gaining possession of the basketball.

• Traveling- This is where the play tries to advance the basketball without passing or dribbling, like moving with a football. This is also an illegal move resulting in a change in possession.

Biomechanics Of Basketball

Basketball, like many sports, is greatly impacted by the different biomechanics of the game. The area of the game of basketball that this page focuses on is dribbling. The following will showcase some of the different aspects of biomechanics that affect the art of dribbling.

Mass

• The mass of the basketball can impact the ability of a player to dribble.

• The greater the mass of the basketball, the slower the dribble will be, and the fewer dribbles that will be completed by a player. This is also the case with number of passes when it comes to the mass of the basketball used.

• Inversely, the lighter the mass of the basketball, the quicker the dribble will be, and the more dribbles that will be completed by a player. This also holds true for the number of passes when it comes to the mass of the basketball.

Acceleration

• a=∆v/t "Δv= change in velocity, t= time"

• When the player with the ball is in motion during the game of basketball they are most likely dribbling.

• In order for a player to be successful while dribbling on the move is to make sure they are accelerating during the motion. This helps the player with the ball to get around defensive players or make a powerful drive to the hoop.

• In a study done at The University Tsukuba, Japan, they found that the more skilled players in the study moved in a cutting motion off of a dribble while accelerating in order to get around or "beat" other opponents.

Force

• F=ma "m= mass, a= acceleration"

• Force is the push or pull on an object based on the action of another object.

• When it comes to dribbling, force is very important because plays need to have the correct amount of force applied to the ball in order for it to produce the reaction they want.

• With too much force, the ball would bounce too high for the player to control and they would most likely loose possession.

• The same is true if the player did not apply enough force to the ball during a dribble. In this case the ball may not have enough bounce to return to their hand, causing them to lose control of the ball.

Power

• P=Fv or P=Fv(cos θ) "F= force, v= velocity"

• Power is the rate of doing work. So this element of kinematics incorporates both force and velocity.

• As talked about in the "acceleration" section, the speed or velocity of a player and their dribble is pivotal to their success when trying to beat an opponent.

• How powerful a players dribble is and the power that they are creating in motion could determine their success in the game. Without enough power they will not be able to control and accelerate their dribble to beat their opponent or create a good open position on the court to get off a shot.

Drag

File:Forces on a basketball.png

Drag on a basketball

• This is the force acting opposite to the relative motion of the object.

• Surface Drag- This is the part of the drag on a body moving through a fluid that is dependent on the surface of the body. This type of drag is also known as 'Skin Friction.'

• Form Drag- This is the resisting force occurring by a body moving through a fluid that is due to the shape of the body, or the sum of impact forces.

• Form and Surface drag can be seen in basketball in almost everything that is done with the ball. Ranging from shooting a foul shot, three-pointer, dribbling, and passing the ball.

Magnus Effect

Magnus Effect

• This is the force exerted on a rapidly spinning cylinder or sphere moving through air or another fluid in a direction at an angle to the axis of spin. This force is responsible for the swerving of balls when hit or thrown with spin.

• Many of the dribbling techniques and types of dribble involve backspin, sidespin, or topspin.

• The Magnus Effect can also be seen in passing and shooting of the basketball as well.

External Links

1. http://www.basketball4all.net/dribbling.html
2. http://www.usab.com/youth/news/2012/08/5crossover-dribbling-techniques.aspx