User:Alekjds/Gates of Rome

The Roman pomerium, a quasi-religious boundary that defined the boundaries of the city. The various historical circuits of walls are shown with the gates labeled in blue.

Since its foundation, the city of Rome has been encircled with walls. The Servian Wall of the early 4th century BC expanded upon the original pomerium of the Romulan city that defined the ancient Roma quadrata (ca. 8th century BC). Sixteen gates were built along the Servian Wall, although more were added later or are considered part of the circuit. Most of those gates are gone, as the remains of the Servian Wall are scant. The Aurelian Wall of the 270s AD included many gates, most of which are still standing today, some in very good condition. Later, fortifications were added on, notably by Pope Leo I, who encircled the so-called Leonine City with a defenses in the mid-9th century AD. Walls were also added on the Janiculum Hill in the 17th century by Pope Urban VIII; all of these walls required gates, which are listed below.

Gates of the Servian Walls

Name	Alternate names	Construction	Status	Location
Porta Capena	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, near the Circus Maximus 41°53′02″N 12°29′28″E
Porta Caelimontana	Porta Celimontana Arcus Dolabellae	4th century BC 10 AD (rebuilt)	Open	Via S. Paolo della Croce, on the Celian Hill 41°53′10″N 12°29′42″E
Porta Carmentalis	Porta Scelerata Porta Triumphalis	4th century BC	Destroyed	Near the Forum Boarium 41°53′29″N 12°28′49″E
Porta Catularia	—	87 AD	Destroyed	At the base of the cordonata on the Capitoline Hill 41°53′38″N 12°28′55″E
Porta Collina	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	At present-day Via XX Settembre and Via Goito 41°54′26″N 12°29′55″E
Porta Esquilina	Arcus Gallieni	4th century BC 262 AD (rebuilt)	Open	Via di S. Vito, in the Esquilino rione 41°53′45″N 12°30′05″E
Porta Flumentana	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Uncertain; perhaps near the Vicus Jugarius 41°53′28″N 12°28′55″E
Porta Fontinalis	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Perhaps on the northern slope of the Capitoline Hill 41°53′38″N 12°29′03″E
Porta Lavernalis	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Uncertain; on the Aventine Hill 41°52′47″N 12°28′46″E
Porta Naevia	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Probably at the present-day Largo Fioritto near S. Balbina 41°52′44″N 12°29′23″E
Porta Querquetulana	Porta Querquetularia	4th century BC	Destroyed	Uncertain; on the Caelian Hill 41°53′08″N 12°29′47″E
Porta Quirinalis	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Along Via delle Quattro Fontane, near Piazza Barberini 41°54′09″N 12°29′23″E
Porta Ratumena	—	Possibly predates the Servian Wall	Destroyed	Uncertain; on the Capitoline Hill 41°53′44″N 12°28′58″E
Porta Raudusculana	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Along Via Santa Saba on the Aventine Hill 41°52′50″N 12°29′04″E
Porta Salutaris	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Near the Quirinal Temple of Salus 41°54′03″N 12°29′08″E
Porta Sanqualis	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	In present-day Largo Magnanapoli on the Quirinal Hill 41°53′47″N 12°29′12″E
Porta Trigemina	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Uncertain; on the Aventine Hill 41°53′12″N 12°28′48″E
Porta Triumphalis	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Near the Forum Boarium 41°53′27″N 12°28′52″E
Porta Viminalis	—	4th century BC	Destroyed	Near present-day Termini Station 41°54′08″N 12°30′05″E

Gates of the Aurelian Walls

Name	Alternate names	Construction	Status	Location
Porta Ardeatina	Example	Example	Open
Porta Asinaria	Example	Example	Open
Porta Cornelia	Porta San Pietro	Example	Destroyed
Porta Clausa	Porta Chiusa	Example	Walled
Porta del Popolo	Porta Flaminia Porta San Valentino	Example	Open
Porta Latina	Example	Example	Open
Porta Maggiore	Porta Praenestina-Labicana	Example	Open
Porta Metronia	Porta Metrovia	Example	Walled
Porta Nomentana	Example	Example	Walled
Porta Pia	Example	Example	Open
Porta Pinciana	Porta Turata	Example	Open
Porta Portuensis	Example	Example	Destroyed
Porta Praetoriana	Example	Example	Walled
Porta Salaria	Example	Example	Destroyed
Porta San Giovanni	Example	Example	Open
Porta San Pancrazio	Porta Aurelia	Example	Open
Porta San Paolo	Porta Ostiensis	Example	Open
Porta San Sebastiano	Porta Appia Porta Accia	Example	Open
Porta Settimiana	Example	Example	Open
Porta Tiburtina	Porta San Lorenzo Porta Taurina	Example	Open

Gates of the Leonine Walls

• Porta Angelica, demolished
• Porta Castello, demolished.
• Porta Cavalleggeri, formerly Porta Turrionis, walled up
• Porta Fabbrica, formerly Porta Fornacum, walled up
• Porta Pertusa, walled up
• Porta San Pellegrino
• Posterula Sancti Angeli, demolished
• Porta Santo Spirito, l’antica posterula Saxonum

Gates of the Janiculum Walls

• Porta Portese
• Porta San Pancrazio, once part of the Aurelian Walls

Other gates

Although it does not constitute part of the walls of the city, the so-called Porta Alchemica is notable. It is now located in the gardens of Piazza Vittorio, in the Esquilino rione. Likewise famous is Porta Furba, which in reality is a large opening in the Acqua Felice aqueduct as it crosses Via Tuscolana.

Bibliography

• Quercioli, Mauro (1997). Le porte di Roma (in Italian). Roma: Newton & Compton. ISBN 88-7983-544-0.
• Cozza, Lucos (2008). Mura di Roma dalla Porta Latina all'Appia (in Italian). Vol. 76. The British School at Rome. pp. 99–154. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)