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Original - "Picoplanton"
[edit]Classification
[edit]In general, plankton can be categorized on the basis of physiological, taxonomic, or dimensional characteristics. Subsequently, a generic classification of a plankton includes:
However, there is a simpler scheme that categorizes plankton based on a logarithmic size scale:
- Macroplankton (200-2000 μm)
- Micro-plankton (20-200 μm)
- Nanoplankton (2-20 μm)
This was even further expanded to include picoplankton (0.2-2 μm) and fem-toplankton (0.02-0.2 μm), as well as net plankton, ultraplankton. Now that picoplankton have been characterized, they have their own further subdivisions such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs and heterotrophs that are spread throughout the world in various types of lakes and tropic states. In order to differentiate between autotrophic picoplankton and heterotrophic picoplankton, the autotrophs could have photosynthetic pigments and the ability to show autofluorescence, which would allow for their enumeration under epifluorescence microscopy. This is how minute eukaryotes first became known.[1] Overall, picoplankton play an essential role in oligotrophic dimicitc lakes because they are able to produce and then accordingly recycle dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a very efficient manner under circumstance when competition of other phytoplankters is disturbed by factors such as limiting nutrients and predators. Picoplankton are responsible for the most primary productivity in oligotrophic gyres, and are distinguished from nanoplankton and microplankton.[2] Because they are small, they have a greater surface to volume ratio, enabling them to obtain the scarce nutrients in these ecosystems. Furthermore, some species can also be mixotrophic. The smallest of cells (200 nm) are on the order of nanometers, not picometers. The SI prefix pico- is used quite loosely here, as nanoplankton and microplankton are only 10 and 100 times larger, respectively, although it is somewhat more accurate when considering the volume rather than the length.
Edits - "Picoplankton"
[edit]Classification
[edit]In general, plankton can be categorized on the basis of physiological, taxonomic, or dimensional characteristics. Subsequently, a generic classification of a plankton includes:
However, there is a simpler scheme that categorizes plankton based on a logarithmic size scale:
- Macroplankton (200-2000 μm)
- Micro-plankton (20-200 μm)
- Nanoplankton (2-20 μm)
This was even further expanded to include picoplankton (0.2-2 μm) and fem-toplankton (0.02-0.2 μm), as well as net plankton, ultraplankton. Now that picoplankton have been characterized, they have their own further subdivisions such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs and heterotrophs that are spread throughout the world in various types of lakes and tropic states. In order to differentiate between autotrophic picoplankton and heterotrophic picoplankton, the autotrophs could have photosynthetic pigments and the ability to show autofluorescence, which would allow for their enumeration under epifluorescence microscopy. This is how minute eukaryotes first became known.[3] Overall, picoplankton play an essential role in oligotrophic dimicitc lakes because they are able to produce and then accordingly recycle dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a very efficient manner under circumstance when competition of other phytoplankters is disturbed by factors such as limiting nutrients and predators. Picoplankton are responsible for the most primary productivity in oligotrophic gyres, and are distinguished from nanoplankton and microplankton.[4] Because they are small, they have a greater surface to volume ratio, enabling them to obtain the scarce nutrients in these ecosystems. Furthermore, some species can also be mixotrophic. The smallest of cells (200 nm) are on the order of nanometers, not picometers. The SI prefix pico- is used quite loosely here, as nanoplankton and microplankton are only 10 and 100 times larger, respectively, although it is somewhat more accurate when considering the volume rather than the length.
Oceanic Environmental Contributions of Picoplankton
[edit]Picoplankton are very important in nutrient cycling in all major oceans, where they exist in their highest abundances. They have many features that allow them to survive in these oligotrophic and low-light regions, such as the use several nitrogen sources, including nitrate, ammonium, and urea[5]. Their small size allows for efficient nutrient acquisition and organism growth[6].
Picoplankton play a significant role in the carbon production of open oceanic environments, which largely contributes to total global production[5]. Their carbon production contributes to at least 10% of total global aquatic net primary productivity[7]. Picoplankton are dominant in biomass in open ocean regions[6].
Picoplankton also form the base of aquatic microbial food webs and are a source of energy in the microbial loop[8].
Please note that there are a total of four sources for my edits; however, I have only added three. One of the sources was already a part of the article. I have added sources 5, 6, and 7.
Alexandra.Roine (talk) 23:55, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
- ^ C. Callieri and J. G. Stockner, Freshwater autotrophic picoplankton: a review, J. Limnol., 2002, 61, 1–14 [1]
- ^ Vershinin, Alexander. "Phytoplankton in the Black Sea". Russian Federal Children Center Orlyonok.
- ^ C. Callieri and J. G. Stockner, Freshwater autotrophic picoplankton: a review, J. Limnol., 2002, 61, 1–14 [2]
- ^ Vershinin, Alexander. "Phytoplankton in the Black Sea". Russian Federal Children Center Orlyonok.
- ^ a b Stockner, John G. (1988). "Phototrophic picoplankton: An overview from marine and freshwater ecosystems". The American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. 44 (4): 765–775.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b Moon-van der Staay, Seung Yeo; De Wachter, Rupert; Vaulot, Daniel (February 2001). "Oceanic 18S rDNA sequences from picoplankton reveal unsuspected eukaryotic diversity". Nature. 409: 607–610.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) Cite error: The named reference "Seung Yeo Moon-van der Staay" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Agawin, Nona S. R.; Duarte, Carlos M.; Augsti, Susana (2000). "Nutrient and temperature control of the contribution of picoplankton to phytoplankton biomass and production". The American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. 45 (3): 591–600.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Callieri, Cristiana; Stockner, John G. (2002). "Freshwater autotrophic picoplankton: a review". J. Limnol. 61 (1): 1–14.