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• Emanuel Ringelblum (November 21, 1900 – March 7, 1944) was a Polish-Jewish historian, politician, and social worker, known for his Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto, Notes on the Refugees in Zbąszyn chronicling the deportation of Jews from the town of Zbąszyń, and the so-called Ringelblum's Archives of the Warsaw Ghetto.

Background

• • Born in Buczacz (present day Ukraine)
  • 1914 Moved to Nowy Sacy
  • 1920 Moved to Warsaw and worked at Warsaw University
  • Completed doctoral dissertation on history of the Jews in Warsaw during the Middle Ages
  • Worked in Jewish schools as a historian and Polish history specialist

Organizations

• • Joined Po’ale Tsiyon
    • Where his passion for Yiddish and Jewish history began
  • 1923 Helped found the Young Historians Circle
    • Gathered students that had no hope for academic career but wanted to help other Jews

• • 1925 Joined YIVO
    • “History of and by the people”
    • Simon Dubnow
  • Landkentenish movement
    • Worked to preserve Jewish link to Eastern Europe

• • 1932 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
    • “The Joint”
    • Learned how self-help could provide economic and moral assistance to Polish Jews
    • 1938 Committee sent him to help refugees

• • Aleynhilf
    • Key relief organization in Warsaw ghetto
    • Employed the Jewish elite
    • Base for Oyneg Shabes

• • Yidishe Kultur Organizatsiye
    • Yiddish culture organization

World War II

• • Resettled to Warsaw Ghetto
    • Short description of ghetto
  • Led Oyneg Shabes
    • Meaning of Oyneg Shabes
    • Secrecy of the group
    • Strategies of gathering artifacts and information
  • Caught by Germans in 1943 and sent to Trawniki labor camp
  • Life after escaping the ghetto

Ringelblum’s Archives

• • Founded in November 1940 and lasted until February 1943
  • Collection of all aspects of ghetto life
    • What was kept
  • 1946 first findings uncovered
    • What they consisted of
  • 1950 second findings uncovered
    • What they consisted of
  • Third findings?
    • Potential locations