User:Altermattk/sandbox
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Rock pool Goby
Gillichthys seta, the Rock Pool Goby, also known as the Shortjaw mudsucker is a goby fish, endemic to the Northern region of the gulf of California. The Rock Pool Goby is a member of the family Gobiidae
American Black Bear
Topic: Hibernation success
There is a decent amount of physiology under the hibernation section of the article, I plan to add and restructure the physiology within in the hibernation section of the article, using the following information (instead of adding it all in one paragraph). I received feedback on my topic list and was recommended to not be to expansive and be as relevant as possible. My draft sections are below. ->Sources/ Topics
Metabolic Suppression:The basal metabolic rate (BMR) for a hibernating black bear can drop to a quarter of the normal rate. Many of the physiological changes a bear exhibits during hibernation are retained slightly post-hibernation. A reduced heart rate and metabolic rate are witnessed in a bear existing hibernation and reductions to metabolic rate can be retained for as long as 21 days post-hiberantion.[1]Even with the metabolic and heart rate reductions, American black bears employ a significant ability to heal wounds or injuries while hibernating[2]
Bone Mass/structural conservation:The hibernating American black bear does not display the same rate of muscle and bone atrophication relative to other nonhibernatory animals that are subject to long periods of inactivity, due to ailment or old age[3] [4]. In contrast with humans, a hibernating black bear loses approximately half the muscular strength to that of a well-nourished, inactive human. During hibernation the bear retains all excretory waste, and the retention of this waste (specifically in minerals such as calcium) may aid to the biological mechanism[5] thwarting against muscle and bone atrophy[3]. The physiology of wild black bears is in many ways consistent within captive bears, and the understanding of their physiological components is vital to the bear's success in captivity.[6]
Altermattk (talk) 02:34, 25 April 2016 (UTC) ~~~~ Altermattk (talk) 03:50, 27 April 2016 (UTC)American Black Bear Updated Draft
Topic: Hibernation success
There is a decent amount of physiology under the hibernation section of the article, I plan to add and restructure the physiology within in the hibernation section of the article, using the following information (instead of adding it all in one paragraph). I received feedback on my topic list and was recommended not to be too expansive and be as relevant as possible. My draft sections are below. ->Sources/ Topics
Metabolic Suppression: The metabolic rate during hibernation can drop to a quarter of a bear’s (nonhibernating) basal metabolic rate (BMR). Many of the physiological changes a bear exhibits during hibernation are retained slightly post-hibernation. Upon exiting hibernation, bears have a reduced heart rate and basal metabolic rate. The metabolic rate of a hibernating bear can remain at a reduced level for up to 21 days after hibernation.[1] Reductions in metabolic and heart rate do not appear to decrease the bear's ability to heal injuries during hibernation.[2]
Bone Mass/structural conservation: The hibernating American black bear does not display the same rate of muscle and bone atrophy relative to other nonhibernatory animals that are subject to long periods of inactivity, due to ailment or old age.[3][4] A hibernating black bear loses approximately half the muscular strength to that of a well-nourished, inactive human. The bear’s bone mass does not change in geometry or mineral composition during hibernation, this implies that the bear’s conservation of bone mass during hibernation is due to a biological process.[5] During hibernation bear’s retain all excretory waste, and the retention of this waste (specifically in minerals such as calcium) may play a role in the bear’s resistance to atrophy.[3] The physiology of American black bears in the wild is closely related to that of bears in captivity. Understanding the physiology of bears in the wild is vital to the bear's success in captivity.[6]
- ^ a b Tøien, Øivind; Blake, John; Edgar, Dale M.; Grahn, Dennis A.; Heller, H. Craig; Barnes, Brian M. (2011-02-18). "Hibernation in Black Bears: Independence of Metabolic Suppression from Body Temperature". Science. 331 (6019): 906–909. doi:10.1126/science.1199435. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 21330544.
- ^ a b Iaizzo, Paul A.; Laske, Timothy G.; Harlow, Henry J.; McClay, Carolyn B.; Garshelis, David L. (2012-03-01). "Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (Ursus americanus) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation". Integrative Zoology. 7 (1): 48–60. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00280.x. ISSN 1749-4877. PMID 22405448.
- ^ a b c d Lohuis, T. D.; Harlow, H. J.; Beck, T. D. I.; Iaizzo, P. A. (2007-05-01). "Hibernating Bears Conserve Muscle Strength and Maintain Fatigue Resistance". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 80 (3): 257–269. doi:10.1086/513190. ISSN 1522-2152.
- ^ a b Pardy, Connor K.; Wohl, Gregory R.; Ukrainetz, Philip J.; Sawers, Andrew; Boyd, Steven K.; Zernicke, Ronald F. (2004-08-01). "Maintenance of bone mass and architecture in denning black bears (Ursus americanus)". Journal of Zoology. 263 (4): 359–364. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005412. ISSN 1469-7998.
- ^ a b McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E.; Wojda, Samantha J.; Barlow, Lindsay N.; Drummer, Thomas D.; Bunnell, Kevin; Auger, Janene; Black, Hal L.; Donahue, Seth W. (2009-07-22). "Six months of disuse during hibernation does not increase intracortical porosity or decrease cortical bone geometry, strength, or mineralization in black bear (Ursus americanus) femurs". Journal of Biomechanics. 42 (10): 1378–1383. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.039. ISSN 1873-2380. PMC 2707508. PMID 19450804.
- ^ a b McCain, Stephanie; Ramsay, Ed; Kirk, Claudia (2013-06-01). "The effects of hibernation and captivity on glucose metabolism and thyroid hormones in American black bear (Ursus americanus)". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. 44 (2): 324–332. doi:10.1638/2012-0146R1.1. ISSN 1042-7260. PMID 23805551.