UNIT-2: FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

UNIT STRUCTURE

2.1 Learning Objectives
2.2 Introduction
2.3 Familiarization of common components

2.3.1 Resistor

2.3.2 Capacitor

2.3.3 Inductor

2.3.4 Relay

2.3.5 Transformer

2.4 Interconnection of passive components

2.4.1 Interconnection of resistors

2.4.2 Interconnection of capacitors

2.4.3 Interconnection of inductors

2.5 Basic Laws of Electrical Circuits

2.5.1 Ohm’s Law.

2.5.2 Kirchhoff’s Law

2.6 Reactance and Impedance
2.7 Voltage and current division rule
2.8 Let Us Sum Up
2.9 Answers to Check Your Progress
2.10 Further Reading
2.11 Possible Question

2.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this unit you will be able to:

Know about common components used in electrical circuits
Classify the common components.
Explain the interconnection of basic components in the electrical circuits
Define the relationship between current and voltage
Calculate currents and voltages in different circuits by using some basic laws
Define their parameters

2.2 INTRODUCTION

In the previous unit you have learnt about basic concepts of electricity and magnetism. In this unit we are going to discuss about various components that can be used in any electrical circuits, their classification, how they are interconnected and their parameters. After you go through this unit, you will know the relationship between current and voltage, how they can be found by using some basic laws.

2.3 FAMILIARIZATION OF COMMON COMPONENTS

An Electronics Laboratory contains a variety of components, equipments and related set-ups. Among the components some are called active while some are called passive. Active Components: These components are capable of amplifying or processing an electrical signal on their own. Examples are vacuum tubes, diodes, transistors, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) s etc. Passive Components: Passive components cannot amplify or process signals on their own. These are however have very important role to play as the active devices can work only with the aid of passive devises. Examples of passive devices are: resistors, capacitors, inductors etc.