User:Averyw1086/sandbox

Article Evaluation: Vaccination Policy

Notes

-Vaccinations aim to protect individuals from illness as well as the provide the community with herd immunity.

-2-3 million deaths prevented by vaccinations

-Argument that for a vaccination to effectively prevent disease it must be available to a willing population, as well as "sufficient ability to decline vaccination"

-Should children receive vaccines regardless of parental belief?

-Vaccinations are public goods, they are non-rivalrous + non-excludable

-Parents less likely to vaccinate children if children's friends already vaccinated

Content Evaluation

Everything in the article is relevant to the topic of vaccination policy. Nothing in the article distracted me from the topic. Interestingly, most of the information is from the sourced from the 21st century. The only out of date source was an article about how an individual's optimal strategy of vaccination is to encourage everyone but their own family to be vaccinated. The only improvement I would make is to add more examples to the section of "War" and how its related to compulsory vaccination.

Tone Evaluation

The article's tone is neutral and the information given does not sound biased towards one position of vaccination policy or another. Much of the article is stating facts about vaccination effectiveness and the policies implemented by countries. There is not much information detailing the argument against vaccination but it is there. Instead of choosing positions, the article just states that the topic is controversial.

Source Evaluation

All of the links I clicked on worked and the sources do support the claims in the article that they were used for. The sources are generally neutral and come from credible journals and literature.

Talk Section

The talk section mostly pertains to false claims, usage of poor sources, and deleting/editing text due to personal bias. The article is rated as C-Class and Mid-Importance. It is also under the scope of WikiProject Medicine.

References Added to Article

"Parental Decision-Making on Childhood Vaccination" added to the "Individual versus group goals" section of the Vaccination policy article on 2/18/2019 as citation [7].

"The influence of altruism on influenza vaccination decisions" added to the "Individual versus group goals" section of the Vaccination policy article on 3/25/2019 as citation [10].

Copyedits to Article

Under United States heading:

"This requirement stirred controversy when it was applied to the HPV vaccine in July 2008 because of the cost of the vaccine, and because the other thirteen required vaccines prevent diseases which are spread by a respiratory route and are considered highly contagious, while HPV is only spread through sexual contact"

edited for run-on sentence to:

"This requirement stirred controversy when it was applied to the HPV vaccine in July 2008 due to the cost of the vaccine. In addition, the other thirteen required vaccines prevent highly contagious diseases communicable through the respiratory route, while HPV is only spread through sexual contact."

Article Draft

Additions to "Immunity and herd immunity"

However, in order for herd immunity to be effective in a population, a majority of those that are vaccine-eligible must be vaccinated.

Vaccination Programs for Older Adults [add to Cost-benefit analysis for population-level vaccination programs]

Furthermore, there is an economic incentive to establish vaccination programs for older adults as the general population is aging due to increasing life expectancy and decreasing birth rates. Vaccinations can be used to reduce the issues linked with both polypharmacy and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the older demographic with comorbidities by preventing infectious diseases and decreasing the necessity of polypharmacy and antibiotics. One study done in Western Europe found that the estimated cost of vaccinating one person over a lifetime against 10 to 17 potentially debilitating pathogens would be between €443 to €3,395, assuming 100% compliance. Another European study found that if 75% of adults over 65 were vaccinated against seasonal influenza, 1.6-2.1 million cases and 25,000-37,000 influenza-related deaths could be avoided, and €153–219 million saved annually.

Vaccination Policy in China [add to China] +++ Remove first sentence + Edit citation placement of existing references [66-69]

China has passed the World Health Organization's (WHO) regulatory vaccine assessments, demonstrating that they adhere to international standards. The Chinese government's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was created in 1978 and provides certain obligatory vaccines, named Category 1 vaccines, for free to all children up to 14 years of age. Initially, the vaccines consisted of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, oral polio vaccine (OPV), measles vaccine (MV) and diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP). By 2007, the vaccine list was expanded to include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis, A + C meningococcal polysaccharide, mumps, rubella, hemorrhagic fever, anthrax, and leptospirosis. Category 2 vaccines, such as the rabies vaccine, are private-sector, non-obligatory vaccines that are not included in neither EPI nor the government health insurance. Due to the privatized nature of Category 2 vaccines, these vaccinations are associated with low coverage rates.

Post-Peer Review Edits

I added a sentence into the lead that addresses the main purpose of vaccination policy and fixed a false statement that was discovered by my peer-reviewer. Furthermore, I removed the references that did not have a URL associated; doing so also fixed the issue of certain citations not referring to the proper sentence. I did not change the Spanish-American War section as the author used a book as the sole source of information and I could not find any online sources that pertained to the information stated. I was unsure of whether or not I should outright delete the section as it seems out of place and only uses one source throughout the section.

Added illustration of how herd immunity works.

Tried to add the Chinese 2016 vaccination schedule but was unable to due to copyright restrictions.

Added to "Compulsory vaccination": An ethical dilemma emerges when health care providers attempt to persuade vaccine-hesitant families towards receiving vaccinations as this persuasion may lead to violating their autonomy.

Added to "Compulsory vaccination". Other reasons including that socioeconomic disparities and being an ethnic minority can prevent reasonable access to vaccinations.

Added to "Children's rights": However, government entities such as child protective services can only intervene when the parents directly harm their child via abuse or neglect. Although withholding medical care meets the criteria of abuse or neglect, refusing vaccinations does not as the child is not being harmed directly.

Added to "United States": Though the federal guidelines do not require written consent in order to receive a vaccination, they do require doctors give the recipients or legal representatives a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS). Specific informed consent laws are made by the states.