User:Charfriedman/sandbox
History of the Architecture
[edit]Mihrabs are a relevant part of Islamic culture and mosques. Since they are used to indicate the direction for prayer, they serve as an important focal point in the mosque. They are usually decorated with ornamental detail that can be geometric designs, linear patterns, or calligraphy. This ornamentation also serves a religious purpose. The calligraphy decoration on the mihrabs are usually from the Qur'an and are devotions to God so that God's word reaches the people[1]. Common designs amongst mihrabs are geometric foliage that are close together so that there is no empty space in-between the art[1].
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Mezquita de Córdoba: The mihrab in the Mosque of Cordoba is a highly decorated piece of art that draws your attention. It is a contribution made by Al-Hakam II that is not just used for prayer[2]. It is used as a place of convergance in the mosque, where visitors could be amazed by its beauty and gilded designs. The entrance is covered in mosaics "which links to the Byzantium tradition, produced by the craftsmen sent by Emperor Nicephorus II. These mosaics extend along the voussoirs with a geometric and plant-based design, but also in the inscriptions which record verses from the Koran"[2]. This mihrab is also a bit different from your normal mihrab due to the scale of it. It takes up a whole room instead of just a niche[3]. This style of mihrab set a standard for other mihrab construction in the region[4]. The use of the horseshoe arch, carved stucco, and glass mosaics made an impression for the aesthetic of mihrabs, "although no other extant mihrab in Spain or western North Africa is as elaborate,"[4].
The Great Mosque of Damascus: The Great Mosque of Damascus was started by al-Walid in 706[5]. It was built as a hypostyle mosque, built with a prayer hall leading to the mihrab, "on the back wall of the sanctuary are four mihrabs, two of which are the mihrab of the Companions of the Prophet in the eastern half and the great mihrab at the end of the transept[5]". The mihrab is decorated similarly to the rest of the mosque in golden vines and vegetal imagery. The lamp hanging in the mihrab has been theorized as the motif of a pearl, due to the indications that dome of the mihrab has scalloped edges[6]. There have been other mosques that have mihrabs similar to this that follow the same theme, with scalloped domes that are "concave like a conch or mother of pearl shell[6].
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- ^ a b Terasaki, Steffie. "Mihrab". courses.washington.edu. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Mihrab". Mihrab. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
- ^ "Mezquita de Córdoba | The Meaning of the Great Mosque of Cordoba in the Tenth Century". Archnet. p. 83. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Bloom, Jonathan M.; Sheila S., Blair. "The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture". login.libproxy.temple.edu. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195309911.001.0001/acref-9780195309911-e-597. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Grafman, Rafi; Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam. "The Two Great Syrian Umayyad Mosques: Jerusalem and Damascus" (PDF). login.libproxy.temple.edu. p. 8. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Flood, Finbarr Barry (2001). The Great Mosque of Damascus: Studies on the Makings of an Ummayyad Visual Culture. BRILL. ISBN 9789004116382.