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THE STORY OF EDWARD JENNER

Jenner Edward Jenner was born on 17 May 1749 at the Old Vicarage in Berkeley. Edward Jenner became an orphaned child on theage of 5. His mother, Sarah died of child birth in 1754 with the age of 46. In December also his father died, with the age of 52. His elder sisters took care of him, his sisters were called: Mary (age 24), Sarah (age 16) and Anne (age 13).

At the age of 8 (1757) Jenner was sent to the Wotton-Under-Edge Grammar School. He always liked physics. All the boys in his class were given a treatment: the smallpox, to protect them against future epidemics. This thought had a huge effect on his general health. The headmaster, The Rev. (Thomas Clissold) saw already that Jenner was Intellectual giftedness. When he finished his school he went to Cirencester where he became a boarding sturdent of the Reverend Dr. Washborne, who later became Cirencesters headmaster. At the age of 14 Jenner apprentices to John Ludlow surgeon of Chipping Sodbury. He starts to study more and more about medicines and vaccinations. In 1770, when Jenner was at the age of 21. He became a student of the Hospital: ‘St. George. Located in London. There he studies under John Hunter, the renowned surgeon and scientist. John Hunter always said to him ‘Don’t think, Try!’ After those 2 years (1772) he returned to his hometown, Berkeley. Jenner became a successful family doctor and surgeon. Later on Jenner and a few other people together formed the Fleece Medical Society. Or Gloucestershire Medical Society, so called because it met in the parlor of the Fleece inn Rodborough, in Rodborough, Gloucestershire, meeting to dine together and read papers on medical subjects.

In 1785 Edward Jenner bought the Chantry in Berkeley now Dr. Jenner’s House. The house was built in the 1740s. He lived there the rest of his live. On March 6th 1788 Edward Jenner married the 27 year old Catherine Kingscote in Kingscote parish church. He was very happy with her, and she with him. 3 years later Jenner was elected for Fellow of the Royal Society, following his publication of a careful study of the previously misunderstood life of the nested cuckoo that combined observation, experiment, and dissection. Everybody believed that the adult Cuckoo pushing its host's eggs and fledgling chicks out of the nest, But Jenner discovered that not the adult Cuckoo but baby cuckoo’s do it. When photography became available. Jenner demonstrated adaptations for it; the baby cuckoo has a depression in its back, not present after 12 days of life, which enables it to cup eggs and other chicks. The adult does not remain long enough in the area to perform this task. Jenner's findings were published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1788. He was loved for his discovery. Four years later he got a son together. In 1794 he and Catherine got another child, but this time a girl called Catherine. He also vaccinated her against small pox. Two years later in 1796 completers Edward Jenner his first experiment to find out the effect of cowpox as a vaccine to prevent smallpox. Jenner takes cowpox pus from the hand of dairymaid Sarah Nelmes and places it in an incision on 8 year old James Phipps’ arm. The experiment is a success. A year later Edward and Catherine got their third and last child, a boy called Robert Fitzhardinge. In 1798 published Edward Jenner the results of his experiments with cowpox, until the end of his life, he continues to promote vaccination through worldwide correspondence. In 1805 Edward Jenner's biggest fan, Napoleon wants that the entire French Army was vaccinated against small pox. In 1810 Son Edward died in from tuberculosis. Though her dead, he became depressive and began with his old passions: the garden, his house and his collection of fossils. In 1821 Jenner had a stroke but he recovered slowly. On January 26th, Jenner had another stroke, which became fatal. He dies in bed at The Chantry and is found the next morning. He was 73 years old. They buried him in the family grave at Berkeley Church, next to his wife his parents and his son. In his house is now the Jenner museum that opened in 1985.

SMALLPOX

Smallpox is a very serious illness caused by a virus called the variola virus. Smallpox gets its name from the pus-filled blisters (or pocks) that form during the illness. It spreads through tiny drops of an infected person's saliva (spit) when the person coughs, talks, or sneezes. Smallpox usually passes from person to person during close, face-to-face contact. If someone does get smallpox, a doctor can recognize the disease because it causes a special kind of rash. The rash shows up as blisters on the skin that fill with fluid and crust over. This might sound like chickenpox, but the blisters look different from the blisters that chickenpox causes. The other symptoms of smallpox are like those of many other less serious illnesses: fever, headache, backache, and feeling tired.

What is the smallpox vaccine?

A vaccine a type of shot, can prevent infection with the virus that causes smallpox. Years ago, people were vaccinated against smallpox. Today, smallpox vaccines aren't given because nobody has had the disease for many years. You don’t need a smallpox vaccination right now, there is a supply of the vaccine in case there's an outbreak of the disease. Scientists also are working to make more vaccine to have on hand for the future. There are no pills that can treat smallpox, but scientists are doing research to try to develop medicine for the disease. If someone does become infected with the smallpox virus, getting the vaccine within a few days of becoming infected can lessen the disease's symptoms.

TUBERCULOSIS

tuberculosis (short for tubercle bacillus), is a common, and in many cases fatal, disease caused by various strains of bacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air with for example sneezing. He was very sad about is and fife years later also his wife died of tuberculosis.

SOURCES

http://www.jennermuseum.com/timeline.html

http://www.jenner.ac.uk/edwardjenner

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/

https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner

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