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Omar

European Isotope Separation On-Line
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The following page is meant as a "test page" for the main wiki being developed for the Eurisol Task 9 work. Please forgive any formatting and typographical errors.

Stimulated emission (in which photons "clone" themselves) was predicted by Einstein in his kinetic derivation of E=hν, and led to the development of the laser. Einstein's derivation also provoked further developments in the quantum treatment of light, the semiclassical model and quantum electrodynamics (see below).

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In quantum field theory, probabilities of events are computed by summing over all possible ways in which they can happen, as in the Feynman diagram shown here.

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A billion articles is a million million[1] articles.



Table

[edit]
RFQ Coolers Around the World
Name Input Beam Input Emittance Cooler Length R0 RF Voltage, Freq, DC Mass Range Axial Voltage Pressure Output Beam Qualities
Collette[2] 60 keV ISOLDE beam decelerated to ≤ 10 eV ~ 30 π mm mrad 504 mm (15 segments, electrically isolated) 7 mm Freq : 450 – 700 kHz 0.25 V/cm 10-2 mbar He --
LPC cooler at GANIL -- Up to ~ 100 π mm mrad 470 mm (26 segments, electrically isolated) 15 mm RF : up to 250 V, Freq : 500 kHz – 2.2 MHz -- -- 20-30 mTorr --
SHIPTRAP cooler 1 m (29 segments, electrically insulated) 3.9 mm RF: 30-200 Vpp, Freq: 800 kHz – 1.2 MHz Variable: 0.25 – 1 V/mm ~ 5×10-3 mbar He --
JYFL cooler IGISOL type beam at 40 keV Up to 17 π mm mrad 400 mm (16 segmentes) 10 mm RF: 200 V, Freq: 300 kHz – 800 kHz -- ~ 0.1/cm ~ 10-1 mbar He Energy spread ≈ 10-5 of the total 40 keV energy
MAFF Cooler and Ion Funnel energy spread ΔE = 100 eV Θmax= 65°(simuliert) 450mm 30mm 100 –150 Vpp, 5 MHz -- ~ 0.5 V/cm ~ 0.1 mbar Helium energy spread ΔE = 5 eV, Emittance @ 30keV: from = 36p mm mrad to eT = 6p mm mrad
Freq : 450 – 700 kHz RF : up to 250 V, Freq : 500 kHz – 2.2 MHz RF: 30-200 Vpp, Freq: 800 kHz – 1.2 MHz RF: 200 V, Freq: 300 kHz – 800 kHz 100 –150 Vpp, 5 MHz -- -- ~125 V, ~1 MHz Inter vane voltage = 100 kV, 12-MHz --
LEBIT ion cooler 5 keV–DC beams -- -- -- -- -- -- He ≈ 1 x 10−1 mbar (high-pressure section) --
ISCOOL -- -- 800 mm (segmented) 20 mm -- -- ~ 0.1V/cm (using wedge configuration) between 0,01 and 0,1 mbar helium --
ISOLTRAP cooler 60-keV ISOLDE ion beam -- 881.5 mm (segmented) 6 mm ≈125 V, ≈ 1 MHz. -- -- 6 ×10-3 mbar He elong ≈ 10 eV us, etrans ≈ 10p mm mrad.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
[edit]
  1. ^ "Wikipedia Reaches 1,000,000 Articles". Slashdot. March 1, 2006.
  2. ^ M. Sewtz, C. Bachelet, N. Chauvin, C. Guénaut, E. Leccia, D. Le Du and D. Lunney (2005). "Deceleration and cooling of heavy ion beams: The COLETTE project". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 240 (Pages 55-60).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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