User:Danimo2021/John Rock (scientist)
 | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |
Article Draft[edit]
The Pill Trials[edit]
The initial clinical trials were codeveloped by John Rock and were funded by Katherine McCormick, a collaborator of Margaret Sanger who dreamed for the creation of a female-controlled contraceptive method.[1] With this funding, Gregory Pincus joined John Rock to observe contraceptive effects of progesterone on Rock's female patients.[2]
In 1954, the two doctors began their first trials on 50 women in Massachusetts. Rock and Pincus used an oral contraceptive pill containing synthetic progesterone supplied by a pharmaceutical company, Searle.[2] These trials occurred under what appeared to be considered a fertility study, as contraception was illegal in Massachusetts. The pill containing progesterone, was taken by women for 21 days followed by a 7-day break.[2] Rock and Pincus wanted to give the body an opportunity for menstruation, so that this drug would not conflict with the natural biological processes in women. The concluding results revealed no ovulation occurred in any of the women during drug administration.[2]
Rock's written scientific research explained how this drug succeeded to inhibit ovulation, but skepticism remained present in authorities.[2] In order to provide further evidence of their developed oral contraceptive pill, Pincus and Rock moved their studies to Puerto Rico to conduct their trials on a larger scale in 1956.[2] The pill was reported successful regarding preventative purposes but brought too many side effects for legal consideration, which was stated by the medical director of the clinical trials in Puerto Rico.[2] While Pincus believed that only a few, mild side effects would come about, roughly half of the participants in the study dropped out due to side effects like severe headaches, nausea, and vomiting.[3]
It was noticed after that the transportation of pills from Searle was contaminated, due to a mixture of synthetic estrogen with the progesterone.[2] This was an obstacle for the two doctors, but their further research and testing revealed the addition of estrogen in combination with progesterone can help reduce menstrual comfort.[2]
In 1960, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of the oral contraceptive, developed by Rock and Pincus.[4] This female-controlled contraceptive method, known as the Pill, became a rapid, nationwide use for protection against pregnancy.
- ^ "The Birth Control Pill A History" (PDF). Birth Control - History of the Pill: 1–14. June 2015 – via Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "A Timeline of Contraception | American Experience | PBS". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
- ^ Briggs, Laura (2003-01-20). 4. Demon Mothers in the Social Laboratory: Development, Overpopulation, and "the Pill," 1940–1960. University of California Press. pp. 109–141. doi:10.1525/9780520936317-006. ISBN 978-0-520-93631-7. S2CID 226773630.
- ^ "A Brief History of Birth Control in the U.S." Our Bodies Ourselves. Retrieved 2021-12-03.